美国高性能计算计划的演进逻辑、管理机制与实施特点

Evolutionary logic,management mechanism and implementation characteristics of U.S.high performance computing plan

美国高性能计算计划在30余年时间中,先后经历了高性能计算与通信计划、网络和信息技术研发计划、战略计算计划的演进历程。分析了其演进逻辑、相互关系及管理机制,总结了计划实施的特点,即政府跨部门协同的“全政府”特点和政产学研广泛合作的“举国”特点。针对中国算力建设中存在的问题,美国经验能够提供可借鉴的诸多启示,包括制定算力研发战略规划,全面加强算力技术研发;加强中央统一领导和组织管理,实现跨部门、跨地区协同;确保计算软硬件不同部分均衡发展,对滞后者采取长期系统的强化措施;建立广泛的合作伙伴关系,促进计算生态体系不断完善。

For more than 30 years,the U.S.High Performance Computing Plan has successively experienced the evolution of the High Performance Computing and Communications Program,the Network and Information Technology R&D Program,and the National Strategic Computing Initiative.The article analyzes its evolution logic,interrelationship,and management mechanism,and summarizes the characteristics of the plan:The cross-department collaboration and extensive government-industryuniversity-research cooperation.In view of the problems existing in the construction of China's computing power,the U.S.experience can provide several enlightments:Formulating a strategic plan to strengthen the R&D of computing power technology:enhancing the unified leadership,organization and management of the central government;ensuring the balanced development of different parts of computing power;and establishing extensive partnerships to promote the computing ecosystem.