FGFR基因变异及FGFR受体抑制剂的研究进展

Research Progress of FGFR Gene Mutation and FGFR Receptor Inhibitors in Malignant Tumors

FGFR信号通路参与正常细胞的增殖、迁移和抗凋亡。FGFR基因变异包括激活突变、基因易位和基因扩增,从而导致FGFR信号通路异常激活,驱动肿瘤细胞增殖、存活及促进血管生成,促使肿瘤进展。目前已经在10余种恶性肿瘤中发现FGFR基因变异,不同瘤种的FGFR1~4亚型及其基因变异类型均有所不同。近期,Pemigatinib获得国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)批准。需明确不同瘤种FGFR基因变异与肿瘤治疗和预后的关系,探索FGFR基因检测方法以识别具有临床价值的基因变异,进而有效提高患者的临床获益。全文总结了近几年相关领域进展,以期呈现目前FGFR抑制剂在晚期肿瘤治疗中的研究进展和FGFR基因变异病理检测现状。

The FGFR signaling pathway is involved in proliferation,migration and anti-apoptosis activity of normal cells.The alterations of FGFR gene include mutations,translocations and amplification,which lead to aberrant activation of FGFR signaling pathway and promote tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis,resulting in tumor progression.FGFR genetic alterations have been identified in various malignant tumors.FGFR1~4 isoforms of genetic alterations vary across different tumor types.Recently,Pemigatinib has been approved by National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)of China.It is necessary to clarify the relationship of FGFR genetic alterations with treatment and prognosis of different tumor types,to explore detection methods of clinically relevant FGFR genetic alterations for improving clinical benefits of patients.This paper reviews the research progress of detection methods for FGFR genetic alterations and FGFR inhibitors for treatment of advanced tumors.