过渡性理论视角下的俄语功能同音词несколько分析

An analysis of the Russian functional homonymнесколькоfrom the perspective of the theory of transitivity

俄语中存在大量脱离具体上下文就无法判定其词类归属的词汇,它们往往兼有多类范畴的典型性特征,但不完全具有某一类范畴的区分性特征,形成了语法领域中“亦此亦彼”的特殊语言现象。作为俄语功能同音词,несколько在不同上下文中可用作数词、副词或代词,代数词несколько和副词несколько组成同音共同体;同时,несколько用作代数词时又具有混合型词的特点,兼有数词和代词的词性特征,在句中同时履行两大词类的句法功能。本文在过渡性理论视角下探析несколько的词性特点,讨论该词的词类归属问题,揭示其过渡性特征。

There are a large number of words in Russian whose part of speech cannot be determined without a specific context.They often have a typical feature of possessing several parts of speech at the same time,but do not completely have the distinguishing features of a certain category,thereby forming a special linguistic phenomenon in Russian grammar.As a Russian functional homonym,несколькоcan be used as a numeral,adverb or pronoun in different contexts.The numeral-pronounнесколькоand the adverbнесколькоform a so-called homophonic complex.At the same time,as a so-called numeral-pronoun,it is characterized by hybridity,mixing the grammatical characteristics of the numeral and the pronoun and performing the syntactic functions of two parts of speech in sentences.This paper analyzes the characteristics ofнесколькоregarding its part of speech from the perspective of the theory of transitivity,discusses the identification of its part of speech,and reveals its transitional features.