一起由流感嗜血杆菌引起教育中心暴发疫情的流行病学调查

An epidemiological investigation of an outbreak caused by Haemophilus influenzae in an education center

目的调查南昌市某教育中心出现的以咽痛、发热为主的聚集性上呼吸道感染疫情的感染来源、传播途径和危险因素,为今后同类型的疫情处置提供理论依据和经验。方法2021年8月29日,南昌市某教育中心报告一起以咽痛、发热为主的聚集性疫情,按照病例定义进行病例搜索,对病例进行回顾性分析,描述其三间分布,调查可疑因素。采集病例咽拭子标本,运用42种呼吸道病原体微流体芯片法进行检测;采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应法对样本进行核酸检测。结果此次疫情通过气溶胶及接触传播,共发生流感嗜血杆菌感染26例,历时19 d,总罹患率为6.12%。病例的临床症状主要以咽痛、发热为主。采集咽拭子标本17份,13份流感嗜血杆菌核酸阳性。通过对病例进行隔离治疗、环境消杀、健康宣教等措施,疫情得到有效控制。结论此次事件是一起由流感嗜血杆菌引起的暴发疫情,切断传播途径是防控关键。

Objective To investigate the infection source,transmission route and risk factors of clustered upper respiratory tract infection with pharyngeal pain and fever in an education center in Nanchang city,so as to provide theoretical basis and experience for the treatment of the same type of epidemic in the future.Methods On August 29,2021,an education center in Nanchang City reported a cluster epidemic mainly characterized by pharyngeal pain and fever.Case search was conducted according to the case definition,and the cases were retrospectively analyzed to describe their three distribution and investigate suspicious factors.Pharyngeal swab samples were collected,and were detected by 42 kinds of respiratory pathogens microfluidic microchip method.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for nucleic acid detection of the samples.Results This outbreak was transmitted by aerosol and contact.A total of 26 cases of Haemophilus influenzae infection occurred in 19 days,with a total infection rate of 6.12%.The main clinical symptoms were pharyngeal pain and fever.A total of 17 throat swab specimens were collected,13 of which were positive for Haemophilus influenzae nucleic acid.The epidemic had been effectively controlled through measures such as isolation and treatment of the cases,environmental disinfection and health education.Conclusion This is an outbreak caused by Haemophilus influenzae,and cutting the transmission route is the key to prevention and control.