党参中41种元素分析及风险评估

Analysis of 41 elements in Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and risk assessment

目的:建立党参药材中41种元素含量测定方法,并对其中的毒性元素Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Al、Mn、Ni的风险进行评估,以期为党参的质量监测提供依据。方法:样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行分析,考虑药食同源品种的使用特点,对其中的Al、As、Cu、Pb、Mn、Ni、Cd的风险进行风险评估。结果:各元素的线性关系良好;方法检测限为0.001~0.085μg·kg^(-1);精密度良好;回收率在82.6%~117.4%;有证标准物质的测定结果与标示值相一致。党参中Al、Ba、Ca、Fe、Mg、P、K、Ga、Mn的含量较高(>50 mg·kg^(-1))。非致癌性风险评估结果表明,除了1批党参(药食两用)中As元素的危害指数(HI)高以外,其余元素的风险均可被接受。致癌性风险评估结果表明,无论作为中药还是食品使用,所有批次样品中Pb的致癌风险(CR)均低于1×10^(-4),风险可接受;As的评估结果表明,仅有1批党参药用时,其CR高于1×10^(-4);作为食品使用时,所有批次党参的CR均高于1×10^(-4),风险需要被关注。结论:本研究所建立的多元素分析方法灵敏度高,专属性好,与风险评估技术相结合,可为党参的质量监测提供技术储备。

Objective:To establish the method for the determination of 41 elements in Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and evaluate the risk of these toxic elements,including Pb,Cd,As,Cu,Al,Mn and Ni,in order to provide basis for the quality monitoring of Codonopsis pilosula.Methods:After microwave digestion,the samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Considering the use characteristics of medicine and food homologous varieties,the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of Al,As,Cu,Pb,Mn,Ni and Cd were assessed.Results:As a result,the linear relationships of the elements were good.The limits of detection were from 0.001 to 0.085μg·kg^(-1).The precision was also good.The recoveries were between 82.6%-117.4%.The results of certified reference materials were consistent with the marked values.The contents of Al,Ba,Ca,Fe,Mg,P,K,Ga and Mn in Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.were larger than 50 mg·kg^(-1).The results of non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that except for one batch of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.whose HI of As was higher than 1 used as both medicine and food,the risks of other elements were acceptable.The results of carcinogenic risk assessment showed that the CRs of Pb in all bat-ches were lower than 1×10^(-4),and the risk was acceptable.The risk assessment results of as showed that the CR of one batch of Codonopsis pilosula used as traditional Chinese medicine was higher than 1×10^(-4).When used as food,the CRs of all batches of Codonopsis pilosula were higher than 1×10^(-4),and the risk could not be neglected.Conclusion:The multi-element analysis method established in this study has high sensitivity and good specificity.The method established combined with risk assessment technology provides technical supports for the quality monito-ring of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.