新型冠状病毒肺炎对阿尔兹海默症影响的研究进展

Progress in the research of COVID-19 effects on Alzheimer's disease

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引起的一种具有较高传染性的疾病。超过1/3的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者会出现神经逻辑症状,包括思维混乱、头痛和味觉减退/失灵。阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种缓慢进展的神经系统退行性疾病,是痴呆最常见的类型。AD患者是COVID-19的高危易感人群,可能引起重症,甚至死亡。AD和COVID-19之间似乎存在相互影响,一方面,COVID-19患者似乎更容易发展为AD;另一方面,AD患者可能更容易感染COVID-19。因此,了解COVID-19和AD之间的共同联系可能有助于制定治疗策略。AD和COVID-19共有的风险因素有衰老、ApoEε4等位基因、β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积、血管紧张素转换酶、神经炎症、氧化应激。本文重点介绍COVID-19与AD的相互关系,探究常见的风险因素和潜在的发病机制,为早期预防和治疗康复提供帮助。

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).More than one-third of patients with COVID-19 experience neurological symptoms,including confusion,headaches,and decreased/disordered taste.Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia.Alzheimer's disease patients are at high risk and susceptible to infection with COVID-19,which may cause severe illness and even death.There appears to be an interaction between AD and COVID-19,and on the one hand,patients with COVID-19 seem to be more likely to develop AD.AD patients,on the other hand,may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19.Therefore,understanding the common link between COVID-19 and AD may help to develop treatment strategies.Risk factors common to AD and COVID-19 are aging,ApoEε4 allele,β-amyloid(Aβ)deposition,angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),neuroinflammation,oxidative stress.Here,this article focuses on the relationship between COVID-19 and AD,explores common risk factors and potential pathogenesis,and provides help for early prevention,treatment and recovery.