我国男男性行为人群HIV非职业暴露后预防的研究进展

Research progress in HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in China

近年来,我国实施HIV预防干预措施对降低HIV的感染流行产生了积极影响。HIV非职业暴露后预防(nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis,nPEP)现已成为男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)在可能暴露后采取的一种预防HIV的有效措施。国内外学者从“知信行”理论视角,使用门诊数据和问卷调查,研究了我国MSM人群对HIV nPEP的知晓率、态度、使用率、服药随访和药物处方情况。本文对上述内容综述后发现,我国MSM人群总体上对HIV nPEP的知晓率较高,有着较为积极的态度,但实际使用率很低。部分地区MSM人群尽管对HIV nPEP的服药情况良好,但使用药物后的随访情况并不理想。药物处方情况在国内不同地区之间有所不同。替诺福韦+恩曲他滨+拉替拉韦的药物处方率最高,其次为替诺福韦+恩曲他滨+多替拉韦和替诺福韦+拉米夫定+多替拉韦。未来应扩大研究对象的数量和研究地点的范围,在国内不同地区深入剖析MSM人群对HIV nPEP的“知信行”、服药随访和药物处方情况,增加对HIV nPEP服务领域的研究,为我国进一步制定和完善MSM人群HIV综合预防干预措施提供参考依据。

In recent years,the HIV prevention intervention strategy has had a positive effect on reducing the HIV infection prevalence in China.HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis(nPEP)has become an effective measure to prevent HIV for men who have sex with men(MSM)exposed to possible risks.From the perspective of the"knowledge,attitude,and practice"theory,domestic and overseas scholars used outpatient data and questionnaires to investigate the awareness,attitude,usage,medication,follow-up,and drug prescription of HIV nPEP among MSM in China.This article reviewed the abovementioned and found that the overall awareness rate of HIV nPEP among MSM in China is high with a positive attitude,but the actual utilization rate is very low.On a regional level,their follow-up after the medication is not ideal despite good medication.Drug prescription varies between different regions domestically.The prescription rate of tenofovir+emtricitabine+raltegravir is the highest,followed by the prescription rate of tenofovir+emtricitabine+dolutegravir,and tenofovir+lamivudine+dolutegravir.In the future,researchers should expand the number of study objects and the scope of the research sites in China,analyze the"knowledge,attitude,and practice"of HIV nPEP,medication follow-up,and medication prescription among MSM,and increase the research on HIV nPEP service areas to provide the reference for further formulating and refining the comprehensive HIV prevention intervention strategy among MSM in China.