《新加坡调解公约》背景下中国国际商事调解协议执行机制的完善

Improvement of the Implementation Mechanism of International Commercial Mediation Agreements in the Context of the Singapore Convention on Mediation

《新加坡调解公约》(下文简称《公约》)构建了国际商事调解协议跨国执行机制。《公约》有可能为国际商事调解协议跨境执行提供相对一致的国际标准,为中国对外商事争议解决提供法律保障,当下已引起中国学界的关注。当前,国际商事调解协议可以转换为法院裁判、仲裁裁决或其他具有执行力的法律文书予以执行,但这些路径均存在一定缺陷,而《公约》建立的国际商事调解协议直接执行机制代表了未来的发展趋势。在《公约》框架下,商人自治是国际商事调解协议执行机制的基石,程序正当是国际商事调解协议执行机制的必要保障,维护和谐关系与增进效益是国际商事调解协议执行机制的优势。中国存在着国际商事调解协议不具有执行力,缺乏专门的商事调解法律规则,欠缺完善的调解员行为规范等问题,这导致中国的商事调解协议执行制度难以与《公约》有效衔接起来。未来,中国应从适时建立国际商事调解协议直接执行机制、健全商事调解法律体系及调解规则、制定调解员行为守则等3个方面,完善中国国际商事调解协议执行制度。

The Singapore Convention on Mediation(hereinafter referred to as the Convention)establishes a transnational implementation mechanism for international commercial mediation agreements.The Convention is likely to provide relatively consistent international standards for the cross-border implementation of international commercial mediation agreements,and provide legal protection for the settlement of foreign commercial disputes in China.At present,it has attracted the attention of legal scholars on commercial mediation in China.International commercial mediation agreements can be converted into court decisions,arbitral awards or enforceable legal documents for implementation,but these paths have certain defects.The direct implementation mechanism of international commercial mediation agreements established by the Convention represents the future development trend.Under the framework of the Convention,merchant autonomy is the cornerstone of the implementation mechanism of international commercial mediation agreements.Procedural justice is the necessary guarantee of the implementation mechanism of international commercial mediation agreements.Maintaining harmonious relations and improving efficiency are the advantages of the implementation mechanism of international commercial mediation agreements.International commercial mediation agreements in China are not enforceable.Besides,there is a lack of special legal rules for commercial mediation,and there is a lack of a complete code of conduct for mediators.Those barriers make it difficult for China to accede to the Convention.China should improve the implementation system of international commercial mediation agreements from three aspects in the future:establishing a direct implementation mechanism of international commercial mediation agreements in due time,improving the legal system and rules of commercial mediation,and formulating a code of conduct for mediators.