清代苏南书院公共职能之拓展

The Expansion of Public Functions of Southern Jiangsu Academy in the Qing Dynasty

清代苏南书院在传统的公共职能之外,又发展出一些全新职能。于政治而言,江宁府钟山书院曾一度充当赈灾领导机关,江宁府高淳县学山书院则长期成为七乡办公总所,履行公权力机关的部分职能。于文化而言,常州府宜兴县乡村民众兴建书院,奋力抵抗基督教深入传播,收到良好成效。于社会而言,苏南乡村书院以民间办学取代社学、义学成为基层教育主体;又举行读法、宣圣谕、讲乡约等普法教化活动,并开展文化交流,成为地方文化中心。苏南书院在学术与政治的相互塑造、中西文化的激烈对抗、公权力与私人领域的平衡发展中,自我发育,稳步成长,具有强大的生命力,其在当今文化复兴中也具有深刻的借鉴意义。

In the Qing Dynasty,the academies in southern Jiangsu developed some new functions in addition to the traditional public functions.Politically,Nanjing Zhongshan academy once served as the leading organ for disaster relief,while GaochunXueshan academy has long been the general office of seven townships,performing some functions of public authority.In terms of culture,the rural people in Yixingcounty built academies to fight against the further invasion of Christianity,and achieved good results.In terms of society,rural academies in southern Jiangsu have become the main body of grass-roots education by replacing social studies and voluntary studies with non-governmental schools.It also held law popularization and education activities,such as reading laws,reading the emperor's edicts,and preaching local conventions,and carried out cultural exchanges to become a local cultural center.In the mutual shaping of academia and politics,the fierce confrontation between Chinese and Western cultures,and the balanced development of public power and private sphere,Southern Jiangsu academies have self-development and steady growth,and have strong vitality.They also have profound reference significance in today's cultural renaissance.