Single-cell and spatial multi-omics in the plant sciences:Technical advances,applications,and perspectives

Plants contain a large number of cell types and exhibit complex regulatory mechanisms.Studies at the single-cell level have gradually become more common in plant science.Single-cell transcriptomics,spatial transcriptomics,and spatial metabolomics techniques have been combined to analyze plant development.These techniques have been used to study the transcriptomes and metabolomes of plant tissues at the single-cell level,enabling the systematic investigation of gene expression and metabolism in specific tissues and cell types during defined developmental stages.In this review,we present an overview of significant breakthroughs in spatial multi-omics in plants,and we discuss how these approaches may soon play essential roles in plant research.