海南热带雨林国家公园生态监测与管理评估指标体系初探

Exploration of the Ecological Monitoring and Management Evaluation Indicator System for Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

综述了目前已有的国家公园监测与管理评估体系优缺点,并结合海南岛热带雨林生态系统的特色提出了适合评估海南热带雨林国家公园保护成效与管理效率的生态监测与管理评估综合指标体系,形成了涵盖生态系统自然状况、生物多样性、生态环境3个一级指标和8个二级指标的生态监测指标体系;以及包括管理基础、管理措施、管理效果3个一级指标和8个二级指标的管理评估指标体系。基于本生态监测指标体系获得的数据库将为准确评估国家公园管理效果提供有力支撑,有利于提升生态监测与管理评估指标体系的有机结合。借鉴“空天地”一体化的监测思路,将卫星遥感、无人机监测和地面调查等不同技术手段相结合,基于技术优势互补、指标分类监测的原则,初步提出了各项指标的监测方法。研究结果可为海南热带雨林国家公园稳定地实施标准化监测与科学管理提供技术支撑,为评价海南热带雨林国家公园建设成效、指导生态系统保护与有效管理提供科学依据。

This study reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the existing national park monitoring and management indicator systems.By combining these advantages and disadvantages with the characteristics of Hainan tropical rainforest ecosystem,we conceived the ecological monitoring and management evaluation indicator system for the assessment of conservation and management efficiency in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.An ecological monitoring indicator system was constructed with three first class indicators and eight secondary class indicators.The first class indicators include ecosystem natural conditions,biodiversity and ecological environment.Meanwhile,a management evaluation indicator system was constructed with three first class indicators and eight secondary class indicators.The first class indicators include the bases,strategies and results of management.The data base obtained from ecological monitoring indicator system can support the accurate assessments of management results,which will promote the connection between the two indicator systems.Based on the idea of"space-air-ground"integrated monitoring,we combined the technologies of satellite remote sensing,unmanned aerial vehicle and land survey to figure out the monitoring method for each indicator with the principle of technology advantage complementation and indicator classification monitoring.Results of this study can technologically support the long-term standardized monitoring and scientific management of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,provide important bases for the assessment of effects by national park establishment,and guide the ecological protection and management of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.