悬赏应征人报酬请求权的理论基础及适用条件

The Theoretical Basis and Applicable Conditions of the Reward Applicants’Compensation Claim

《民法典》第499条关于悬赏广告的规定主要体现为赋予悬赏应征人一种报酬请求权。此种规范方法引发报酬请求权的理论基础是合同还是单方法律行为的争议。立足于悬赏之事的属性、悬赏作为一种特别交易方式的特色以及第499条规定本身而作实质性思考,将单方法律行为说作为悬赏应征人报酬请求权的理论基础更为可取。契约说虽然也能在理论和技术上自圆其说,但其思维方法明显有些迂回曲折。采纳单方法律行为说时,悬赏应征人报酬请求权的法律适用仅需满足三项条件,即悬赏人必须以公开方式作出悬赏意思表示、悬赏意思表示的内容必须具有确定性、悬赏应征人必须完成悬赏广告指定的特定行为。

The provisions of Article 499 of the Civil Code regarding reward advertisements are mainly reflected in granting reward applicants a right to claim compensation.This normative approach gives rise to disputes as to whether a right to claim compensation is based on contract or unilateral legal act.Based on the nature of the offer of a reward,the characteristics of the offer as a special transac⁃tion method,and the provisions of Article 499 itself,it is more advisable to consider the theory of unilateral legal act as the theoretical basis for the reward applicants’compensation claim.Although the theory of contract can also be theoretically and technically justified,its thinking method is clearly somewhat convoluted.When adopting the doctrine of unilateral legal act,the legal application of the re⁃ward applicant’s right to claim compensation only needs to meet three conditions,that is,the reward applicant must express the reward intention in a public way,the contents of the reward intention must be certain,and the reward applicant must complete the specific conduct specified in the reward advertisement.