社区绿色空间共建:一个“组织化—自主性”分析框架

Co-construction of Community Green Space:An“Organization-Autonomy”Analysis Framework

当前,国家层面的绿色空间治理体系初具雏形。作为绿色空间体系的微观要素,社区绿色空间的有效生产有必要以“共同建设”的方式纳入社会治理范畴。因此,将“制度结构”与“行动过程”确立为社区绿色空间共建的主要维度,运用结构化理论工具将二者统合,提取“组织化”“自主性”作为关键变量,构建一个能够系统性解释社区绿色空间共建的分析框架,并将其划分为行政层级推动型、外部组织嵌入型、内部主体带领型、公众协商合作型四种类型。在深入考察上海市、深圳市、成都市、武汉市等地先进实践经验的基础上,可以发现社区绿色空间的内在机理主要表现在四个方面:以“空间生产”为社区绿色空间共建的价值目标,以“权责分工”为共建主体有效合作的关键环节,以“制度设计”为地方政府统筹谋划的重要保障,以“项目外包”为吸引各方力量参与的活动场域。在具体实践中,推动社区绿色空间共建实践走向深入,需要从“有效组织”与“主体培力”两方面着手形成治理合力,以最大程度地提升社区绿色空间共建效能。

At present,a green space governance system at the national level is taking shape.As the micro elements of green space system,the effective production of community green space is necessary to be brought into the category of social governance in the way of“joint construction”.Therefore,“institutional structure”and“action process”are established as the main dimensions of community green space co-construction.Structural theory tools are used to integrate the two,and“organization”and“autonomy”are extracted as key variables to construct an analytical framework that can systematically explain community green space co-construction.It can be di⁃vided into four types:administrative level driving type,external organization embedded type,internal subject leading type and public consultation and cooperation type.On the basis of in-depth investigation of advanced practical experience in Shanghai,Shenzhen,Chengdu,Wuhan and other places,it can be found that the internal mechanism of community green space is mainly manifested in four aspects:“Space production”is the value goal of community green space construction,“division of rights and responsibilities”is the key link of effective cooperation,“system design”is the important guarantee of overall planning of local governments,and“project outsourcing”is the activity field attracting the participation of all forces.In reality,to promote the practice of community green space co-construction to go deeper,it is necessary to form governance forces from the two aspects of“effective organization”and“subject culti⁃vation”,so as to maximize the efficiency of community green space co-construction.