道、理与普遍性超越

Tao,Li and Universal Transcendence

人的自然生存产生于人心,或为气质之心,或为自然意志。这种原初的心灵往往导致自然的或私意的行为。为了将自然人的生存整合为整体,人类发明了道德规则如道。道德规则通过法则的形式规范了人的行为并由此将人类整合为一个有秩序的整体。为了替道德规则进行辩护,理学家提供了超越之理,并据此证实了道的合法性。超越之理的出场将人的自然性转变为超越性。这种转变便是哲学中的超越。通过普遍之道与超越之理所组成的普遍存在,人类从自然人转变为道德人。这便是普遍性超越。普遍性超越最终依赖于个体性超越。

The natural existence of human beings is bred by heart,either the heart of temperament or the will of nature.This kind of original heart often results in natural or private behaviors.In order to integrate the existence of man of nature into a unity,human be⁃ings invent moral rules such as Tao in China.Moral rules regulate human beings’behaviors through the form of rules and make human beings an orderly unity.In order to defend moral rules,Li theorists have proposed the transcendental Li an proved the legitimacy of Tao.The presence of Li transforms the naturalness of human beings into being transcendental,which is defined as transcendence in philoso⁃phy.Through the universal existence formed by the universal Tao and the transcendent Li,human beings turn into moral beings from natural beings.This transformation is universal transcendence,which after all depends on individual transcendence.