叶燮对诗人主体性的反思和重建

Reflections and Rebuilding on Subjectivity of Poets by Ye Xie

叶燮对诗人主体的张扬达到新的高度。他提出包含深刻人生体验和具体情感类型的“胸襟”概念,强调诗人作诗当“传之于后世,而非求诸当世”,当“自鸣而不是他鸣”,当作“为己之诗”。叶燮的论述直接指向诗人主体的“识”、承载主体自由的“胆”、围绕主体心思之所出的“才”以及追求主体“独立不惧”的“力”,并指出诗歌最终追寻的是主体的“愉快自足”。针对清诗该如何师古的问题,叶燮强调诗人的主体身份,在追求“克肖自然”上,“我”取得与古人同等的创作权,古、今二元对立被取解。诗人主体不但关系到诗歌与生命的关联,更是诗人在面对文学传统压力时自立的依据。叶燮诗论对清代唐宋诗之争关于诗人主体、师古等问题的讨论作出了重要贡献。

Ye Xie’s publicizing the subjectivity of poets reached new heights.He proposed“the mind”of poets which included profound life experiences and specific emotional types,and emphasized that“poetry should be handed down to later generations rather than the present age”,that poetry should speak for oneself instead of for others,and“that poetry should be done for oneself”.Ye’s analysis was directly related to“knowledge”of the poet subject,“courage”carrying the freedom of the subject,“talent”reflecting the subject’s thinking,and“force”pursuing“the independence and fearlessness”of poet,and he further pointed out that the ultimate pursuit of poetry was to realize the subject’s“happiness and self-sufficiency”.On how to learn from their predecessors for poets of Qing Dynasty,Ye Xie firmly emphasized the subject status of poets.In the pursuit of“simulating nature”,“I”got the equal creative rights with the ancient people,therefore the binary opposition between the ancient and the present was dissolved.The poet as subject was not only related to the connection between poetry and life,but also the basis of poet’s independence when faced with literary tradi⁃tional pressure.Ye Xie made important contributions to the discussions of Tang and Song poems concerning the poet subject and how to learn from the predecessors in the Qing Dynasty.