尼勒克喀什河国家湿地公园植物组成结构及其与环境的关系

Plant Composition and Structure and Its Relationship with Environment in Nilka Kashi River National Wetland Park

于2019和2020年对尼勒克喀什河国家湿地公园植物组成结构及其与环境的关系进行了调查,结果表明:共记录到高等维管植物180种,隶属53科140属。进一步分析不同生活型植物的生长型和水分生态类型组成发现,地面芽植物普遍具有分枝型、直根型和中生的生长和生态特征,是阳性草地的主要类群;地下芽植物则普遍具有直立型、根茎型和湿生的生长和生态特征,是湿草甸和沼泽的主要类群;一年生植物具有分枝型、刷状根和中、旱生的生长和生态特征,为沙地、干旱坡地等生境的主要类群;地上芽植物则以分枝型、直根型和旱生性为表征,是极旱生境的主要类群。尼勒克喀什河国家湿地公园植物群落组成具有典型的温带植被特征,但同时也叠加了土壤水分条件的作用,形成以温带地面芽植物为主、湿生成分和一年生荒漠成分并重的格局。未来应加强湿地生境管理,提升湿地属性,增强湿地功能。

The research conducted an investigation on the plant composition structure and its relationship with the environment in Nilka Kashi River National Wetland Park in 2019 and 2020,and the results showed that a total of 180 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 53 families and 140 genera were recorded in Nilka Kashi River National Wetland Park.By further analyzing the composition of growth and water ecological types of different life forms,it is found that ground bud plants generally have the growth and ecological characteristics of branching,taproot and mesophytic,and are the main groups of positive grassland;Underground bud plants generally have the growth and ecological characteristics of upright type,rhizome type and hygropy,and are the main groups of wet meadow and swamp;Annual plants have the growth and ecological characteristics of branching,brush roots,meso and xerophytes.They are the main groups in sandy land,arid slope land and other habitats;Aboveground bud plants are characterized by branching type,taproot type and xerophytes,which are the main groups in extremely arid habitats.The plant community composition of Nilka Kashi River National Wetland Park has the characteristics of typical temperate vegetation,but it also superimposes the effect of soil moisture conditions,forming a pattern dominated by temperate ground bud plants and paying equal attention to wet and annual desert components.In the future,we should strengthen wetland habitat management,improve wetland attributes and enhance wetland functions.