基于GIS德宏州雪茄烟种植气候分析

Climate Analysis of Cigar Planting in Dehong Prefecture Based on GIS

参照国际优质雪茄种植区域气候条件,对德宏州5个地面气象站1981-2018年月平均气温、月平均降水量、月平均空气相对湿度、月日照时数数据以及110个区域气象站2010-2018年月平均气温、月平均降水量数据进行气候资源推算和分析,筛选出德宏州适宜种植雪茄烟的气象指标,并利用GIS空间分析功能对雪茄烟的单因子的气候要素进行分区及评价。结果表明,从气温条件上来看,建议到1月末2月初开始种植,最适的区域有芒市南部、瑞丽南部,次适宜区域为芒市中部以及陇川南部和盈江海拔较低的坝区一带。从降水条件上来看,1-4月气温上适宜种植雪茄烟的区域降水都有所不足,需人工加强灌溉,到5月份后德宏州雨季开始,降水大幅增多,均已超过雪茄烟成熟的需水量,会导致雪茄烟叶返青,影响品质,因此建议在5月中旬之前完成雪茄烟的采收工作。从相对湿度上来看,3-4月份相对湿度稍低,但一般来说田间相对湿度会比气象观测台站数据偏高,总体来说还是满足雪茄烟的生长条件。从日照上来看,德宏州1-6月日照都比较充足,而雪茄烟在多云寡照的条件下品质更好,因此建议对雪茄烟进行遮阴处理,以追求更高的烟叶品质。

Referring to the climatic conditions of the international high-quality cigar planting areas,climate resources were calculated and analyzed for the monthly average temperature,monthly average precipitation,monthly average air relative humidity,and monthly sunshine hours data from five surface meteorological stations in Dehong Prefecture from 1981 to 2018,as well as the monthly average temperature and monthly average precipitation data from 110 regional meteorological stations from 2010 to 2018,to screen out the meteorological indicators suitable for cigar planting in Dehong Prefecture,and the spatial analysis function of GIS was used to partition and evaluate the single factor climatic factors of cigar.The results showed that from the perspective of temperature conditions,it was recommended to start planting at the end of January and the beginning of February,and the most suitable areas were the southern part of Mangshi and the southern part of Ruili,the sub-suitable area was the central part of Mangshi,the southern part of Longchuan and the low-altitude dam area of Yingjiang.From the perspective of precipitation conditions,the precipitation in the area suitable for planting cigar smoke in the temperature from January to April was insufficient,and it was necessary to manually strengthen irrigation,and after the rainy season in Dehong Prefecture in May,the precipitation had increased significantly,which had exceeded the water demand for cigar smoke to mature,which would lead to the return of cigar tobacco leaves to greening and affecting quality.It was therefore recommended that the harvesting of cigars be completed by mid-May.From the perspective of relative humidity,the relative humidity in March and April was slightly lower,but in general,the relative humidity in the field would be higher than the data of the meteorological observation station,and the growth conditions of cigar smoke were generally met.From the perspective of sunshine,Dehong prefecture had sufficient sunshine from January to June,and the quality of cigar smoke was better under cloudy and light-drudded conditions,so it was recommended to shade cigar smoke in order to pursue higher tobacco quality.