斯里兰卡国家建构进程中的政党功能变迁

Functional Changes of Poltical Parties in the Process of State-building in Sri Lanka

斯里兰卡现代民族国家建构的阶段性变化与政党政治密不可分,政党在政治制度的调适、国家能力塑造和凝聚政治共同体等方面发挥着重要功能。1948—1977年是斯里兰卡国家建构的初始阶段,政党通过非正式的政治手段进行动员,初步建立了政党与传统社会力量的关系网络,实现了有限的政治整合,但在族群动员和资源积累的过程中,政党的私人化趋势逐渐弱化了政党体制的规范性政治功能,降低了政治制度的有效性。1978—2009年,斯里兰卡国家建构在失序与重组中艰难前行,政党虽发挥了制度性吸纳的作用,但排他性激励、离心型竞争等方式限制了政党的功能,削弱了政党自主性。2009年至今,该国政党因过度依靠并不断巩固家族庇护网络,导致其功能产生异化,对斯里兰卡的国家建构产生了消极影响。

Each stage of Sri Lanka's modern nation-state building is inextricably linked to party politics.Political parties play an important role in the adjustment of political system,the shaping of national capacity and the cohesion of political community.From 1948 to 1977,the early stage of state-building,political parties used informal political means for political mobilization,initially established the relationship network between political parties and traditional forces,and realized limited political integration.However,in the process of ethnic mobilization and resource accumulation,the trend of privatization of political parties gradually weakened the normative political function of the political system and reduced the effectiveness of the political system.From 1948 to 1977,the state-building of Sri Lanka moved forward in the disorder and reorganization.Political parties played the role of institutional absorption,but political parties used exclusive incentives,centrifugal competition and other ways to converge their interests,which limited the functions of political parties and weakened the autonomy of political parties.Since 2009,political parties have been relying too much on the family shelter network,which makes their functions alienated and exerts a negative influence on the state-building.