“一带一路”背景下中国与南亚国家质量基础设施联通困境及突破路径

Difficulties and Breakthrough Paths of Quality Infrastructure Connectivity between China and South Asian Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

“质量基础设施”这一概念自德国联邦物理技术研究院提出以来,便在国际社会逐渐传播,其涵盖了计量、标准化、合格评定(认证认可、检验检测)和市场监督四个维度。质量基础设施联通能促进贸易投资便利化,推动经贸繁荣发展。在国别层面,中国与巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡和印度的联通较好,与孟加拉国、尼泊尔、马尔代夫和阿富汗的联通较差。分类来看,中国与南亚国家之间的合格评定体系联通状况比计量体系和标准化体系联通状况更好。中国与南亚国家质量基础设施联通面临着南亚地区整体经济发展落后、科研水平薄弱、合作力度不足、监管执法困难等困境。为此,中国与南亚国家应从积极推动质量基础设施联通建设、努力提升本国质量基础设施能力、打破不必要的技术性贸易壁垒等方面提升质量基础设施联通水平。

The concept of quality infrastructure,which covers metrology,standardization,conformity assessment(certification and accreditation,inspection and testing),and market surveillance,has gradually spread throughout the international community since the introduction of PTB.QI connectivity can promote trade and investment facilitation and promote economic and trade prosperity.At the country level,China is well connected to Pakistan,Sri Lanka and India,and poorly connected to Bangladesh,Nepal,Maldives and Afghanistan.By classification,conformity assessment systems are better connected than metrological and standardization systemsbetweeCnhina and South Asian countries.QI connectivity between China and South Asian countries is faced with limitations such as backward economic development in South Asian countries,weak scientific research level,inadequate cooperation,and difficulties in supervision and law enforcement.To this end,China and South Asian countries should enhance the level of QI connectivity from different aspects,such as actively promoting the construction of QI connectivity,striving to enhance their own QI capacity andeliminating unnecessary technical barriers to trade.