中国运动员职业发展权利保障困境审视与实践创新

Review and Practice Innovation of the Dilemma of Protecting Chinese Athletes'Professional Development Rights

《体育法》审议通过背景下,对运动员职业发展权利的概念进行建构已然成为弥补理论研究长期滞后于保障实践的现实需求。结合职业发展理论、职业生涯管理理论与人权理论,运用“属+种差”的逻辑学方法界定中国运动员职业发展权利概念;在把握运动员职业发展权利范畴与特征基础上创新保障实践。研究认为,基于中国运动员职业发展权利概念、范畴及特征可以明确权利保障内容,对保障困境进行合理性审视。目前我国主要存在运动员权利保障政策法规有待健全,文化教育体系缺乏整合动力,体育仲裁制度尚未落实难以保护运动员权利,资金保障机制不足限制运动员职业发展道路等现实困境。面对当前困境,中国运动员职业发展权利保障实践要求健全运动员职业发展权利法律保障体系,创新运动员文化教育体系,建立健全体育仲裁制度,设立运动员职业发展基金,以期更好保障运动员职业发展权利,促进我国竞技体育事业全面发展。

In the context of the review and approval of the Sports Law,the construction of the concept of athletes'professional development rights has become a realistic demand which has been long lagged of theoretical research in safeguarding practice.With the combination of career development theory,career management theory,and human rights theory,the concept of Chinese athletes'right of career development is defined using the logic method of"genus+species difference";on the basis of the category and characteristics of athletes'professional development rights,we should innovate the guarantee practice.The research believes that based on the concept,category and characteristics of the right to professional development of Chinese athletes,the content of rights protection can be clarified,and the protection dilemma can be examined rationally.At present,there are many practical dificulties in China:the policies and regulations on the protection of athletes'rights to be improved,the lack of integration impetus of the cultural and educational systems,the lack of implementation of the sports arbitration system to protect athletes'rights,and the lack of financial security mechanism to guarantee the path of athletes'professional development.Due to the current difficulties,the practice of safeguarding the right to professional development of Chinese athletes requires:improving the legal protection system of the right to professional development of athletes,innovating the cultural and educational systems of athletes,establishing and improving the sports arbitration system,and establishing the professional development fund of athletes.Those practice would better protect the right of of professional athletes career and promote the all-round development of China's competitive sports.