精神分裂症动物模型的研究概述

Overview of Studies in Animal Models of Schizophrenia

精神分裂症(schizophrenia)是一类极具破坏性的复杂精神疾病,伴有各种阳性和阴性症状以及认知障碍,给社会带来沉重负担。在神经发育过程中遗传因素和环境因素之间具有复杂的相互作用,使得精神分裂症病因的阐明和治疗的发展面临很大挑战。因此,制备合适的动物模型可帮助人们理解各种致病因素引起精神分裂症的神经生物学基础,为寻找新的治疗方法提供线索和理论依据。本文介绍了几种主要的精神分裂症动物模型的造模方式,包括神经发育模型、药物诱导模型和遗传模型;同时对精神分裂症动物的行为学评估、组织学分析以及可能的分子机制进行了概括,以期为精神分裂症动物模型的应用和改进提供参考。

Schizophrenia(SCZ)is a highly destructive and complex psychiatric disorder illness,accompanied by a variety of positive and negative symptoms along with cognitive impairment,which brings a heavy social burden.Elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic development is challenging because the complex interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental factors in essential neurodevelopmental processes.Therefore,preparing appropriate animal models can help people better understanding the neurobiological basis of SCZ and provide theoretical basis for finding new treatments.In order to provide reference for the application and improvement of SCZ animal models,this commentary reviewed several main modeling methods for animal models of SCZ,including neurodevelopmental models,drug-induced animal models,and genetic models,and the behavioral evaluation,histological analysis and possible molecular mechanisms of SCZ animal models were also outlined.