村落实体变迁与仪式功用变化——从迟子建《额尔古纳河右岸》说起

Changes in Village Entity and Changes in Ritual Functions——From CHI Zijian’s Right Bank of Erguna River

仪式在实体变迁的不同阶段扮演着不同的角色,其功用也在不断变化。当村落实体稳定存在时,仪式起着增强族群归属感、认同感的作用;当村落实体处在不断变迁中时,仪式与艺术紧密结合,其作用更偏向于记忆、保存与心理慰藉。透过《额尔古纳河右岸》中的诸多仪式,看到一个边缘的部落背后的历史与文化,看到压抑于理性底层的情感宣泄与欲望释放。当仪式的范畴扩大,文学创作也被视为一种仪式,作家通过它与自我对话,也通过它进行着个人新生与部落新生的尝试,为之后思考仪式与实体、艺术及文学创作之间的关系提供参考。

Rituals play different roles at different stages of entity transformation,and their functions are constantly changing.When the village entity is stable,ritual plays an important role in enhancing the sense of belonging and identity of the ethnic group.When the village entity is constantly changing,ritual is closely combined with art,and its function tends to be memory,preservation and psychological comfort.Through many rituals in the Right Bank of the Erguna River,we can see the history and culture behind a marginal tribe,and see the emotional catharsis and desire release suppressed at the bottom of rationality.When the scope of ritual is expanded,literary creation is also regarded as a kind of ritual,through which writers communicate with themselves,and through which they also try to regenerate individuals and tribes,is conducive to further exploring the relationship between rituals and physical,artistic and literary creations.