X射线防护服用BaSO4-橡胶基柔性材料的制备及性能研究

Preparation and properties of BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible materials for X-ray protection

本文为了研究硫酸钡(BaSO_(4))含量对防护材料辐射防护性能的影响,采用传统混炼多辊压延工艺制备X射线防护服用BaSO_(4)-橡胶基柔性防护材料,并表征分析其微观形貌、硬度、比重、力学性能及辐射防护性能。结果表明:BaSO_(4)微米颗粒均匀分散在天然橡胶(R)中,随着BaSO_(4)含量的增加,防护材料的邵氏硬度逐渐增大,最大值为55°;断裂强度逐渐下降,下降率为40%;比重逐渐增大,基本保持在相对较低水平(1.2~2.1 g/cm^(3));铅当量和防护比例逐渐升高,当BaSO_(4)填充份数达到300时,铅当量值和防护比例达到最高,分别为0.1715 mmPb、34.9%,可以作为前后两面型防护服中后片用防护材料;R/BaSO_(4)(100/300)防护材料的有效能量防护范围是48~83 keV,有效弥补铅的弱吸收区。

With the development of modern science and technology,X-ray has brought great economic and social benefits to human beings.However,X-ray is increasingly harmful to human health and the environment.X-ray protective clothing is the last line of defense to ensure the safety and health of X-ray workers and patients.Currently,the commonly used X-ray protective clothing is made of lead rubber.This kind of lead protective clothing is heavy in weight,poor in flexibility,easy to crack,and high in biological toxicity.And there is a“weak absorption zone”in the energy range of 40 to 88 keV,which is easy to threaten environmental safety and human health.In addition,barium sulfate(BaSO_(4)),as one of the ideal alternative for lead-containing compounds,has the advantages of environmental friendliness,weather resistance,acid and alkali resistance and low density.In order to produce flexible and lightweight lead-free protective materials with excellent X-ray protection properties,BaSO_(4)is usually selected to combine with other high order metallic element compounds.However,there are few systematic research works on the radiation protection properties of single-component BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible protective materials.In order to explore the effect of BaSO_(4)content on the radiation protection properties of protective materials,the traditional mixing and multi-roll calendering process was used to prepare BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible protective materials for X-ray protection.Firstly,the dispersion uniformity of BaSO_(4)particles in the rubber matrix and the influence of BaSO_(4)content on the hardness and volume density of the protective materials were studied,and the influence of BaSO_(4)content on the mechanical properties of the BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible protective material was analyzed.Then,the effect of BaSO_(4)content on lead equivalent value and radiation protection ratio of protective materials was studied.The results show that BaSO_(4)micron particles can be evenly dispersed in the natural rubber matrix.With the increase of BaSO_(4)content,the Shore hardness and volume density of the protective material increase because the volume ratio of BaSO_(4)to the protective material increases.However,the breaking strength decreases with the increase of BaSO_(4)content.The lead equivalent and radiation protection ratio of the BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible protective materials increase gradually when BaSO_(4)content increases.When the filling content of BaSO_(4)reaches 300,the lead equivalent and the radiation protection ratio of the protective material are 0.1715 mmPb and 34.9%,respectively,so BaSO_(4)particles could be used as the protective material for the rear piece of the front and back protective clothing.In addition,BaSO_(4)particles could effectively make up for the“weak absorption zone”of lead.The systematic research on the radiation protection performance of BaSO_(4)-rubber based flexible lead-free protective materials for single-component X-ray protective clothing is potentially beneficial to the subsequent formulation design,preparation and product development of multi-component flexible lead-free protective materials containing BaSO_(4).This work provides theoretical guidance for the development of multi-component lightweight,non-toxic and efficient lead-free flexible composite protective materials for X-ray protection.