2011-2020年新疆喀什地区肺结核流行特征分析

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kashgar,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2020

目的分析新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区肺结核流行特征及趋势,为制定结核病防控策略及措施提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统结核病信息管理系统收集2011—2020年新疆喀什地区12个县(市)报告的肺结核患者资料,采用描述流行病学的方法对时间分布、人群分布、地区分布、痰检率、病原学阳性率等情况进行分析。结果2011—2020年新疆喀什地区累计报告肺结核患者189416例,年均报告发病率451.29/10万,年报告发病率最低为250.40/10万,最高为806.75/10万,报告发病率呈先升后降的趋势。2011—2020年痰检率和病原学阳性率分别为73.70%~98.37%和11.41%~55.48%。各年龄组中,60岁及以上年龄组报告病例数最多,占61.37%(116251/189416)。男性病例数多于女性,男女之比1.01∶1。患者职业以农民占比最高(83.52%,158741/189416)。肺结核年均报告发病率前三位的分别为英吉沙县(816.68/10万)、泽普县(643.99/10万)和岳普湖县(516.09/10万)。结论近年来喀什地区的肺结核疫情呈现先升后降趋势,结核病负担仍然较重。应关注重点人群以及重点县区的结核病防治工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in Kashgar region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for reference in formulating the prevention and control strategies and measures for tuberculosis.Methods The case data of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in the 12 counties(cities)in Kashgar area from 2011 to 2020 were retrieved through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the time distribution,sputum detection rate,positive rate in pathogen detection,population and regional distribution.Results In total,189416 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar area from 2011 to 2020,with an average incidence being 451.29/100000 reported annually.The annually reported incidence was minimal 250.40/100000 and maximal 806.75/100000.The reported incidence tended to increase initially,and decline later.The rate of sputum test and positive rate in pathogen detection ranged in between 73.70% and 98.37%,11.41%and 55.48%,respectively from 2011 to 2020.The incidence was the highest in population aged 60 years or over in all age groups,which accounted for 46.91%(88858/189416).The incidence was higher in males than in females,with a male to female ratio of 1.01∶1.By occupation,farmers appeared to be affected most(83.52%,158741/189416).The top three annual reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis were Yingjisha County(816.68/100000),Zepu County(643.99/100000)and Yuepuhu County(516.09/100000).Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis in Kashgar region showed an upward trend and then a downward trend,and the burden of tuberculosis was still heavy.The findings suggest that following prevention and control efforts for tuberculosis should be targeted at key population,counties and districts.