从实践主体谱系看原则主义的缺陷及失根危机——兼论“立心”和“感性大我”之培养的紧迫性

On the Defects and Rootlessness Crisis of Principlism from the Perspective of the Genealogy of Practice Subjects: Urgency ofCultivating Perceptual Conscience and Perceptual Self

医学伦理的原则主义在实践中体现了工具化和无力性。区分生命需要和片面的生存性需要的基础上给出了人的实践主体谱系,即感性小我、纯粹理性大我和感性大我。其中,只有感性大我是由生命性意志这种自由意志推动的具有独立人格的道德主体。上述缺陷的根本原因在于现代性的道德哲学的失根危机,即失去了可以产生感性大我的人之存在与道德的共同基础,也即真正的“良心”。在崭新的存在论基础上给出了此种良心的知识。当代巨大的科技力量急切期待真正的道德回应,由此凸显了“立心”从而培养“感性大我”的紧迫性,也即人类文明再启蒙的紧迫性。

Principlism in medical ethics reflects the shortcomings of instrumentalism and powerlessness in practice.Based on the distinction between life needs and one-sided survival needs,this paper gives the genealogy of human practice subject,namely the perceptual ego,the pure rational self and the perceptual self.Among them,only the perceptual self is the true moral subject with independent personality driven by the free will.The fundamental reason for the above-mentioned defects lies in the crisis of rootlessness in the moral philosophy of modernity,which is the loss of the common foundation of existence and morality that can generate the perceptual self,that is,the true conscience.On the basis of a new ontology,this knowledge of conscience is provided.The enormous technological power of contemporary society eagerly anticipates a true moral response,highlighting the urgency of cultivating the perceptual self,which is also the urgency of the re-enlightenment of human civilization.