原则主义在医学伦理学领域的出场逻辑

The Emergence Logic of Principlism in the Field of Medical Ethics

原则主义在医学伦理学中出场逻辑的前提是伦理学中居于核心地位的道德原则及其作用。传统规范伦理道德原则始终是解决现实道德问题的出发点和落脚点,医学伦理学也不例外;然而医学伦理学不仅只是承认和应用道德原则,而且筛选出一些原则作为基本原则,然后将这些基本原则建构成原则主义的基本立场和观点,用来解决医疗卫生领域中出现的道德难题。原则主义在医学伦理学中的出场和应用确实解决了一些医疗卫生领域中的道德难题,推动了医学伦理学的新发展。但原则主义并没有像其提出者所设想的那样完美地解决所有道德难题,它本身也存在着理论上的缺陷,而且很多情况下,在实践上不仅不能解决道德困境,而且引起新的道德困境,因此需要得到进一步的修改和完善。

The premise of the logic of the appearance of principlism in medical ethics is the core moral principle and its function.Traditional normative ethics holds that moral principles are always the starting point and landing point of solving practical moral problems,and medical ethics is no exception.However,medical ethics not only recognizes and applies moral principles,but also selects some principles as basic principles,and then builds these basic principles into basic positions and viewpoints of principlism,which can be used to solve moral problems in the medical and health field.The emergence and application of principlism in medical ethics has indeed solved some moral problems in the field of medical health and promoted the new development of medical ethics.But principlism does not solve all moral problems perfectly as its proponents envisioned,it also has its own theoretical defects.Moreover,in many cases,previous moral dilemmas cannot be solved in practice while new moral dilemmas are caused by principlism,so it needs to be further revised and improved.