国内外器官捐献立法的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Domestic and Foreign Organ Donation Legislation

基于国内外器官移植供体的来源、捐献的同意原则、器官的获取与分配、法律基础、供体的死亡标准这五大方面的对比,总结了器官移植发达国家相关法律法规的闪光点。完善我国的器官捐献立法可以考虑从扩大器官移植供体来源、引进相对适合我国国情的“柔性推定同意模式”、加快推进具有更高法律效力的“器官移植法”的出台并将脑死亡写入法案,以及培养具有良好职业素养和较强沟通能力的器官移植协调员等多方面出发,以推动我国器官捐献事业的可持续、健康发展。

Based on the comparison of five major aspects of organ transplant donors at home and abroad,including donor sources,consent principles for donation,organ acquisition and distribution,legal basis,and death criteria for donors,the flashpoints of relevant laws and regulations of developed countries for organ transplantation are summarized.Organ donation legislation in China could be improved from muiltiple perspectives:expanding the sources of organ transplant donors,introducing the"flexibile presumed consent"which is relatively suitable for China's national conditions,accelerating the introduction of the Organ Transplant Law with higher legal force and write brain death into the bill,and cultivating organ transplant coordinators with good professionalism and strong communication skills to promote the sustainable and healthy development of organ donation in China.