中药之“毒”概念的历史考察与现代启示

The Historical Investigation and Modern Enlightenment of the Concept of"Toxicity"in Traditional Chinese Medicine

中药之“毒”由来已久,从食物中脱离的“毒药”与早期医学建立联系,随后在《黄帝内经》中形成中药之“毒”的理论框架,历经两千多年临床实践的丰富与发展,一个具有辩证逻辑的中药之“毒”理论体系最终得以呈现,在近现代科学思想影响下,中药之“毒”概念又有了新的突破。中药之“毒”概念的变迁史,也是与中医理论体系的关系史,在变迁历程中体现的直观性、模糊性、稳定性以及融合性四大特征有助于科学认识中药之“毒”,进而得出中药安全性研究应合乎中医自身特色,为解决当下中药安全性争议提供思路。

The"toxicity"in traditional Chinese medicine has a long history.Toxic components rooted from food was initially associated with early traditional Chinese medicine,and then formed its theoretical framework in Huangdi Neijing.With centuries of clinical practice,a theoretical system of"toxicity"in traditional Chinese medicine with dialectical logic was finally presented,under the influence of modern scientific thought,the concept of"toxicity"in traditional Chinese medicine had a breakthrough.The history of conceptual change is also the history of its relationship with the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.The four characteristics of intuition,ambiguity,stability and integration are helpful to the scientific understanding of"toxicity"in traditional Chinese medicine.The safety research of traditional Chinese medicine should be in line with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,which provides ideas to solve the safety controversy over traditional Chinese medicine.