基于蛋白质组学的蚕丝蛋白质组分分析

Analysis of protein components in silk based on proteomics

丝绸文物在长期埋藏的过程中极易发生老化降解。为了研究丝绸文物在全生命周期中发生的蛋白组分变化,利用高通量蛋白质组学方法对蚕茧、现代丝绸制品和文物丝绸样品中的蛋白质和特异多肽种类进行检测。结果显示:蚕茧脱胶过程中,3种丝胶蛋白仅一种有残留,多种功能蛋白被除去;在长时间的劣化过程中,绝大部分的蛋白质完全降解,丝素蛋白重链、轻链和糖蛋白链部分降解,其中轻链降解速率最慢;在蚕茧、现代丝绸和丝绸文物中发现15种共有多肽,其中丰度最高的两条多肽序列有望成丝绸检测的分子标志物。该研究可为古代丝绸劣化过程分析提供一种新策略,为微量检测提供理论指导。

Silk is a great invention of ancient China.Chinese ancestors produced exquisite silk by sericulture,reeling,spinning and weaving.But silk fabrics are highly susceptible to aging and degradation during the long-term burial process.In order to study the structural changes of proteins occurred in ancient silk throughout its life cycle,high-throughput proteomics was used to identify the species and abundance of proteins in silk cocoons,modern silk and silk relics.The results showed that only one of the three kinds of sericin remained during cocoon degumming and a variety of functional proteins were also removed.Vast majority of the proteins were completely degraded during the long degradation process,while the heavy,light and glycoprotein chains of silk protein were partially degraded,and the light chain degradation rate was the slowest.Fifteen shared polypeptides were identified in cocoons,modern silk and silk relics,and two peptides with the most abundance were expected to become biomarkers for silk detection.This study provides a new strategy to explore the ancient silk production and deterioration process.