飞行员抗荷能力与心肺耐力水平的研究

Study on anti-G ability and cardiopulmonary endurance of pilots

目的探讨歼击机飞行员最大摄氧量(maximal oxygen uptake,VO_(2max))及运动后心率恢复(heart rate recovery,HRR)值与抗荷能力的关系。方法通过整群抽样法选取90名歼击机飞行员,采用抗荷抗缺氧耐力检测仪和抗荷能力经验公式测量飞行员做抗荷动作时的+G_(z)耐力提高值;采用25W/min功率递增速率方案,采集VO_(2max)和HRR值。根据VO_(2max)水平将飞行员分为低(水平较低的1/3人员)、中(水平居中的1/3人员)高(水平较高的1/3人员)3个组,比较不同VO_(2max)水平飞行员运动后第1、2、3分钟HRR值及+G_(z)耐力提高值的差异。分析HRR值与VO_(2max)、+G_(z)耐力提高值的相关性。结果不同水平VO_(2max)飞行员运动后第2、3分钟HRR值及+G_(z)耐力提高值的差异有统计学意义(F=7.65、10.64、10.28,P值均≤0.001)。运动后第1分钟HRR值与VO_(2max)+G_(z)耐力提高值无明显相关性(r=0.020、-0.017,P=0.852、0.871);运动后第2分钟HRR值与VO_(2max)呈正相关(r=0.288,P=0.006),与+G_(z)耐力提高值无明显相关性(r=-0.017,P=0.150);运动后第3分钟HRR值与VO_(2max)+G_(z)耐力提高值呈正相关(r=0.433、0.240,P<0.001、=0.023)。VO_(2max)与+G_(z)耐力提高值呈正相关(r=0.436,P<0.001)。结论VO_(2max)较高的飞行员通过抗荷动作提升+G_(z)耐力的效果更加明显,运动后第3分钟HRR值可作为一个敏感监测指标,用于预测飞行员的抗荷能力。

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),heart rate recovery after exercise(HRR)and anti-G ability of fighter pilots.Methods A total of 90 fighter pilots were selected by cluster sampling method,and the+G_(z)tolerance that devoted by anti-G staining manoeuvre performing was predicted by anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability detector and G tolerance empirical formula.The values of VO_(2max) and HRR were collected under 25 W/min power increasing rate scheme.According to the level of VO_(2max) pilots were divided into 3 groups:low level(the bottom third),intermediate level(the middle third)and high level(the top third).The differences of HRR value and+G_(z) tolerance increment among the first,second and third minutes after exercise were compared among the pilots of different level of VO_(2max):The correlation among the values of HRR,VO_(2max) and+G_(z) tolerance increment were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the values of HRR and+G_(z) tolerance increment at the second and the third minutes of exercise among the pilots with different VO_(2max) levels in 3 groups(F=7.65,10.64,10.28,all P<0.001).There was no obvious correlation between the values of HRR,VO_(2max) and+G_(z) tolerance increment at the first minute after exercise(r=0.020,-0.017,P=0.852,0.871).The value of HRR at the second minute after exercise was positively correlated with VO_(2max)(r=0.288,P=0.006),but not obviously with the+G_(z)tolerance increment(r=-0.017,P=0.150).The value of HRR value at the third minute was positively correlated with the increase of VO_(2max) and+G_(z) tolerance increment(r=0.433,0.240,P<0.001,=0.023).VO_(2max) was positively correlated with the increase of+G_(z) tolerance increment(r=0.436,P<0.001).Conclusions The increase of pilots VO_(2max) is conducive to the improvement of anti-G ability.The value of HRR at the third minute after exercise can be used as a sensitive monitoring index to predict pilot's G-tolerance.