2021年北京市石景山区口服二价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗损耗系数分析

Analysis of loss coefficient of bivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine in Shijingshan District of Beijing 2021

目的 了解北京市石景山区口服二价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(bOPV)接种现况,通过分析计算bOPV的损耗系数,了解其损耗程度,为制定科学的疫苗使用计划,提高疫苗使用效率提供依据。方法 利用北京市疾控系统疫苗采购进销存管理系统及北京市石景山区生物制品报表,收集石景山区辖区内2021年各预防接种门诊bOPV的接种数据,采用SPSS21.0软件进行分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 北京市石景山区2021年18家预防接种门诊bOPV共使用5 280剂次,接种2 085剂次,耗损系数为2.53,接种门诊最低耗损系数为1.59,最高为10.00。卫健委直属门诊(2.18)、企事业单位直属(2.61)、军队自管门诊(3.20)和学校直属门诊(3.87),bOPV接种情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.020);A级规范化门诊(4.80)、AA级规范化门诊(2.27)和AAA级规范化门诊(3.55),bOPV接种情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);接种周期1次/周(3.27)、2次/周(4.01)、3次/周(3.40)和4次/周(2.03),bOPV接种情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);接种量不同门诊、滴管使用情况不同门诊、bOPV废弃时间不同门诊bOPV接种情况差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 北京市石景山区bOPV损耗较高,建议各接种门诊安排bOPV固定接种日,增加bOPV的日接种量,提高bOPV使用效率,同时建议引入小包装剂次疫苗,减少不必要浪费。

Objective To understand the loss degree of bivalent live attenuated oral polio vaccine(bOPV)in Shijingshan District of Beijing by investigating and analyzing its current vaccination status and calculating the loss coefficient of bOPV,so as to provide a basis for making a scientific vaccine use plan to improve its use efficiency.Methods The bOPV vaccination data of each vaccination department in Shijingshan District in 2021 were collected by using Beijing CDC Municipal Vaccine Procurement Inventory Management System and Biological Products Report of Shijingshan District,Beijing.SPSS 21.0 software was used for analysis,Chi-square test was used to compare the rates,and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results Among the18 vaccination clinics in Shijingshan District of Beijing in 2021,a total of 5 280 doses of bOPVwere used, of which 2 085 doses actually vaccinated, so its loss coefficient was 2.53 with theminimum loss coefficient 1.59 and the maximum 10.00. There was a statistically significantdifference in bOPV vaccination among vaccination departments directly under the National HealthCommission (2.18),directly under the control of enterprises and institutions (2.61),military clinics(3.20) and clinic directly under schools (3.87) . There was a statistically significant difference inbOPV vaccination among A- level standard vaccination departments (4.80), AA- level standardvaccination departments (2.27) and AAA-level standard vaccination departments (3.55) . There wasa statistically significant difference in bOPV vaccination frequency (P=0.002) among once perweek (3.27),twice per week (4.01),3 times per week (3.40) and 4 times/week (2.03) . Therewas no significant difference in bOPV vaccination among departments with different inoculationamount,different use of dropper,and different bOPV disposal time (P>0.05) . Conclusions ThebOPV loss in Shijingshan District of Beijing is relatively high. It is recommended that eachvaccination department arrange fixed bOPV vaccination days, increase the daily bOPV doses, andimprove the bOPV use efficiency. Meanwhile, it is recommended to introduce small packages ofdoses of vaccine to reduce unecessary waste.