2012—2021年桓台县法定传染病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of notifiable diseases in Huantai County from 2012 to 2021

目的 分析桓台县2012—2021年法定传染病的流行特征,为风险评估和制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对桓台县2012—2021年法定传染病疫情资料进行分析,计数资料组间比较采用χ检验2,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2012—2021年桓台县共报告法定传染病24种31 338例,年均发病率为605.33/10万;死亡24例,年均死亡率为0.46/10万。总发病率呈波动上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=333.20,P<0.001)。报告发病数以丙类传染病居多,占72.13%;报告死亡数以乙类传染病居多,占95.83%。报告发病率居前5位的病种为其它感染性腹泻病、手足口病、乙肝、肺结核、梅毒;报告死亡率高的病种为艾滋病和肺结核。其它感染性腹泻病(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1 070.91,P<0.001)和梅毒(χ^(2)_(趋势)=288.15,P<0.001)报告持续上升,乙肝(χ^(2)_(趋势)=124.05,P<0.001)、肺结核(χ^(2)_(趋势)=85.54,P<0.001)、猩红热(χ^(2)_(趋势)=349.53,P<0.001)、痢疾(χ^(2)_(趋势)=165.93,P<0.001)、手足口病(χ^(2)_(趋势)=766.43,P<0.001)等下降趋势明显。发病时间以夏季为主。高发地区为少海街道、索镇街道、果里镇。男女性别比为1.46∶1;甲乙类传染病以20~74岁年龄组为主,丙类传染病以0~14岁年龄组为主;人群分类以散居儿童、农民、幼托儿童和学生为主。结论 2012—2021年桓台县法定传染病总体呈波动上升趋势,乙肝、肺结核、梅毒仍然高发,部分呼吸道和肠道传染病发病率明显下降。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of notifiable disease in Huantai County from 2012 to 2021,and to provide the scientific basis of risk assessment and precautions for the epidemic.Methods Through descriptive epidemiological analysis to analyze the data of notifiable diseases in Huantai county from 2012 to 2021,χ^(2) test was used to compare the counting data between groups,P<0.05 was considered statistically significant difference.Results From 2012 to 2021,Huantai County reported a total of 31338 cases of 24 types of notifiable diseases,with an annual incidence of 605.33 cases/105,24 death,with an annual mortality of 0.46 cases/105.The total incidence rate showed a fluctuating upward trend(χ^(2)_(趋势)=333.20,P<0.001).Class C infectious diseases accounted for 72.13%of the total incidence,and class B infectious diseases accounted for 95.83%of the total deaths.The top 5 diseases with the highest incidence rate were other infectious diarrheal, Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis and Syphilis. Inaddition,AIDS and tuberculosis had the highest mortality rates. Reports of other infectious diarrhealdiseases (χ^(2)_(trend)=1 070.91, P<0.001) and syphilis (χ^(2)_(trend)=288.15, P<0.001) continue to rise,while Hepatitis B (χ^(2)_(trend)=124.05, P<0.001), tuberculosis (χ^(2)_(trend)=124.05, P<0.001), scarletfever (χ^(2)_(trend)=349.53,P<0.001),dysentery (χ^(2)_(trend)= 165.93,P<0.001) and hand-foot-mouth disease(χ^(2)_(trend)=766.43, P<0.001) showed an obvious downward trend. The incidence peaks of the notifiablediseases were summer. And high incidence areas were Shaohai sub- district, Suozhen sub- district,Guoli town, Qifeng town, and Tangshan town. The sex ratio of males to females was 1.46∶ 1.Class A and Class B were mainly in the age of 20 to 74 years old. And Class C were mainly inthe age of 0 to 14 years old. The population was mainly composed of farmers,preschool childrenand students. Conclusions From 2012 to 2021,the statutory infectious diseases in Huantai Countyshow an overall upward trend of fluctuation, hepatitis B, tuberculosis and syphilis are still high,and the incidence of some respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases decrease significantly.