涉合法交易形式的诈骗罪的认定--以红酒案为切入的思考

Determination of the Crime of Fraud Involving Legal Transaction Forms--Thinking with the Red Wine Case as the Breakthrough Point

涉合法交易形式的诈骗类案件的出现对刑法的适用提出了新的要求。在涉合法交易形式的诈骗类案件中,当事双方的交易标的物实际上沦为了行为人诈骗的犯罪工具。被害人自愿处分财产是为了实现其交换利益。由于交易标的物本身并不符合被害人的交易用途,这使得被害人的交换利益受损、交易目的落空,所以,无论交易是否形成对价,被害人交换利益的受损本身即构成了诈骗罪中的财产损失。此类案件以合法的民事交易作为掩饰,在实质上仍属于刑事诈骗。对涉合法交易形式的诈骗罪的认定应当主要考察交易标的物是否沦为交易工具,交易标的能否实现交易目的。

The appearance of fraud cases involving legal transaction forms puts forward new requirements for the application of criminal law.In fraud cases involving legal transaction forms,the subject matter of the transaction between the parties has actually become a criminal tool for the perpetrator to defraud.The victim voluntarily disposes of property in order to realize the exchange interests.The subject matter of the transaction itself does not conform to the transaction purpose of the victim,the exchange interests of the victim are damaged and the transaction purpose is frustrated.Therefore,regardless of whether the transaction forms consideration or not,the loss of the victim’s exchange interest itself constitutes the property loss in the crime of fraud.Such cases are covered up by legal civil transactions.However,they are still cases of criminal fraud in essence.As far as the determination of the crime of fraud involving legal transaction forms is concerned,whether the subject matter of the transaction is reduced to a transaction tool and whether the transaction purpose can be achieved through the subject matter of the transaction are issues that should mainly be examined.