商都察汗淖尔湿地春夏季鸟类物种多样性及分布特点初析

Preliminary Analysis of Bird Species Diversity and Distribution Characteristics in Chahannur Wetland of Shangdu in Spring and Summer

2022年4月至7月,采用样线调查法对商都察汗淖尔湿地春夏季鸟类物种多样性及分布特点进行实地调查。共记录到鸟类15目29科78种,种类组成以鸻形目、雁形目和雀形目为主,区系类型以古北种为主。国家重点保护鸟类有11种,占总种数的14.10%,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有遗鸥(Larus relictus)和草原雕(Aquila nipalensis),国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有鸿雁(Anser cygnoid)、小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)、黑颈䴙䴘(Podiceps nigricollis)、蓑羽鹤(Grus virgo)、纵纹腹小鸮(Athene noctua)、白尾鹞(Circus cyaneus)、红隼(Falco tinnunculus)、红脚隼(Falco amurensis)和灰背隼(Falco columbarius)。春季鸟类(70种)丰富度明显高于夏季鸟类(49种)。5种典型生境鸟类群落物种丰富度从多到少排序为湿地(68种)、荒漠草原(23种)、居民区及农田(14种)、盐碱草地(13种)、林地(13种),其中湿地生境鸟类丰富度最高,占总种数的87.18%,国家重点保护鸟类的生存也主要依赖湿地生境。湖泊、河流和盐碱沼泽地的保护和修复对商都察汗淖尔鸟类物种多样性的保护尤为重要。

The species diversity and distribution characteristics of birds in Chahannur wetland of Shangdu in spring and summer were investigated by line transect method from April to July 2022.A total of 78 species of bird in 29 families,15 orders were recorded.The species composition was dominated by Charadriiformes,Anseriformes and Passerines,and the avifauna were mainly Palaearctic species.There were 11 national key protected species,accounting for 14.10%of the total number of species,and the classⅠnational protected birds were the Larus relictus and Aquila nipalensis,the classⅡnational protected birds were the Anser cygnoid,Cygnus columbianus,Podiceps nigricollis,Grus virgo,Athene noctua,Circus cyaneus,Falco tinnunculus,Falco amurensis,Falco columbarius.The richness of birds in spring(70 species)was significantly higher than that in summer(49 species).According to the species richness of avian community,the habitats were ranked in descending order as wetland(68 species),desert steppe(23 species),residential area and farmland(14 species),saline-alkali grassland(13 species)and woodland(13 species).So,the wetland was the habitats with highest abundance of birds,accounting for 87.18%of the total number of species,on which the survival of national protected birds mainly depended.Therefore,the protection and restoration of lakes,rivers and salt-alkali marshes are particularly important for the conservation of the bird species diversity in Chahannur wetland of Shangdu.