我国鼠疫监测卫生经济学评价研究

Study on health economics evaluation of plague surveillance in China

目的利用成本效益分析法对动物鼠疫监测进行卫生经济学评价。方法以喜马拉雅旱獭疫源地为例,收集1950—2021年人间鼠疫疫情数据;选择四川省和西藏自治区为代表省区,收集近20余年的人间鼠疫疫情相关费用,包括经常性投入经费、疫情处置费用及经济损失等,对货币的时间价值进行贴现;利用成本效益分析法对动物鼠疫监测进行可行性分析。结果1981—2021年较1950—1980年,平均每年每个疫源县少发生人间鼠疫0.0544起;贴现后,被调查省区平均每个疫情县每年的鼠疫防治经常性投入为38万,每起人间鼠疫疫情平均经济损失2870万。计算后,平均每年每个疫源县减少经济损失156万,成本效益比为1∶4.1,净效益成本比为3.1∶1。结论动物鼠疫监测,投入小、效益大,对控制人间疫情及节约卫生资源具有重要的公共卫生意义与现实意义。

Objective To conduct health economic evaluation on animal plague surveillance by cost-benefit analysis method.Methods Taking the Himalayan marmot focus as an example, we collected data on the human plague from 1950 to 2021,and selected Sichuan and Tibetan Autonomous Region as representative provinces and regions to collect the expenses related to human plague in the past more than 20 years, such as regular investment funds, human plague epidemic situation disposal costs, and economic losses, the time value of money was discounted and the feasibility of animal plague surveillance was analyzed by cost-benefit analysis method.Results Compared with 1950 to 1980,there less happens 0.054 4 times human plague average every year every focus county in 1981 to 2021.After discounting, in the provinces and regions under investigation, the regular investment was 380,000 RMB average every epidemic county every year, with an average economic loss of 28.7 million RMB per human plague;after calculation, the economic loss was reduced by 1.56 million RMB average every year every focus county, the cost-benefit ratio was 1to 4.1 with a net Benefit-cost ratio of 3.1 to 1.Conclusion The surveillance of animal plague, with small investment and great benefit, is of great public health significance and practical significance for controlling human plague epidemic situation and saving health resources.