知识产权保护与外资企业研发投入——基于合资企业与独资企业的比较分析

Intellectual Property Protection,FDI Mode and R&D Investment

本文发现在我国投资的合资企业并没有出于技术泄露损失的担忧而降低研发激励,相反,其研发表现普遍优于外商独资企业。本文将这一现象归因为我国国内日益改善的知识产权保护体系,并基于外资企业研发投入数据和专利数据,证实了知识产权保护对外资企业研发投入与专利申请具有显著的促进作用,而且与外商独资企业相比,合资企业从知识产权保护的增强获益更多。异质性分析表明,知识产权保护对知识密集型的高技术行业、本地合作者为民营的合资企业的研发促进作用更为显著,外国投资者比我国港澳台企业更为依赖知识产权保护。此外,考虑了引资政策调整的外生冲击以及合资-独资的所有制身份动态转换后,知识产权保护的重要作用仍然显著。

As the American government criticizes that Chinese governments have intended to transfer foreign technology by encouraging the establishment of joint ventures,we find that in general R&D performance of joint ventures in China is surprisingly better than that of foreign wholly-owned firms.We attribute it to the importance of intellectual property rights protection in China.While R&D activities of joint ventures depend more on IPR protection,they benefit more from the strengthening of IPR in China.Our estimations confirm that the gains of IPR becomes larger for joint ventures,especially for those in high-tech-intensive industries.Our findings remain robust even considering different measure of IPR protection,endogenous choice of joint venture as well as the adjustment of foreign policy.