民族旅游地外来小企业地方融入的个案研究

A Case Study on the Local Integration of Non-local Small Enterprise in Ethnic Tourism Destination

该研究关注外来小企业在民族旅游地的融入过程,以贵州黄岗侗寨月也堂民宿为案例,采用扎根理论方法建构了人-企业-地方多元互动的地方融入理论模型,分析外来旅游小企业成功融入民族旅游地的全过程,并解构其地方融入的多主体共谋和多维度渗透机制。研究发现,民族旅游地外来小企业的地方融入始于人地互动的动机耦合;地方融入过程经历了由外来到进入、由进入到嵌入、再由嵌入到融入的3个阶段;企业-地方的生产互动、人-企业-地方多主体共谋的社会-文化-情感互动推动了外来小企业实现社会、文化和心理的多维度融入。该研究视企业与企业主为一体,拓展了地方融入理论的解读空间,也为民族旅游地经济可持续发展提供经验借鉴。

In recent years,small enterprises,because of their potential economic benefits,have played an increasingly significant role in promoting economic development and improving employment in tourism destinations.Ethnic tourism destinations have unique social relationship structures,cultural traditions and thinking modes,which make it difficult to integrate non-local small enterprise into local business networks.Previous studies focused primarily on the local embeddedness of non-local small enterprises or the local integrating process of entrepreneurs,ignoring the organic connections among enterprises,entrepreneurs and local place.Against this background,based on the human-enterprise-place perspective,this study explores the local integrating process and mechanism of non-local small enterprises in ethnic tourism destination through a case study of a successfully integrated guesthouse,Yueyetang,which is located in the Huanggang Dong village of Guizhou province.Combing the embeddedness theory and the place theory with ethnographic work in the region since 2013,this study adopts the method of grounded theory to establish a theoretical model of local integration by coding analysis of in-depth interview data.The findings show that:The local integration of non-local small enterprises in ethnic tourism destinations begins with the motivate coupling of entrepreneur-place interaction;The process of local integration has experienced three stages,beginning with from outside to entering,then from entering to embedding,and lastly from embedding to integrating;The productive interaction of enterprise-place pushes the process of from entering to embedding;The social-cultural-emotional interaction of human-enterprise-place promotes the process of from embedding to integrating.Specifically,the social interaction of human-enterprise-place accelerates social integration;The cultural interaction of humanenterprise-place promotes cultural integration;The emotional interaction of human-enterprise-place pushes psychological integration.The local integrating process of non-local small enterprises is a dynamic process of interaction between multi-subjects(external entrepreneur,local residents,local government,local entrepreneurs,etc.)and multi-dimensions(economic,social,cultural and psychological dimensions).This study not only expands the interpretation of the theory of local integration,but also enriches related research from the perspectives of“human-land”relationship and“host-guest”relationship in tourism context.This study expects to provide the theoretical basis and the practical guidance for the sustainable development of tourism economy in ethnic tourism destinations.