露蕊乌头化学成分及生物活性研究进展

Research progress of chemical constituents and biological activities of Aconitum gymnandrum

露蕊乌头为毛茛科乌头属露蕊乌头亚属唯一植物,常用藏药之一。植物体内含有生物碱、挥发油、酚酸、萜类等化学成分,其中二萜生物碱是主要活性成分,具有镇痛抗炎、抑制肿瘤、强心、免疫调节、抑菌杀虫等作用,可用于治疗风湿、关节疼痛等症。露蕊乌头与常用药用植物乌头、北乌头同为乌头属植物,然而一直以来对其研究较少。为了掌握露蕊乌头的研究现状,笔者根据国内外文献报道,总结并综述了1980—2022年露蕊乌头化学成分及生物活性的研究进展。

Aconitum gymnandrum(A.gymnandrum)is the only species of the subgenus Gymnaconitum in Aconitum L.(Ranunculaceae)and is one of the commonly used Tibetan medicines.Alkaloids,volatile oils,phenolic acids and terpenoids are the main compounds in A.gymnandrum.The diterpenoid alkaloids,which have analgesic,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,heartstrengthening,immune-regulation,antimicrobial and insecticidal effects,can be used to treat rheumatism and joint pain.Compared with the well-known traditional Chinese herb A.carmichaeli and A.kusnezoffi derived from Aconitum plants,there has been less research on A.gymnandrum.To obtain the current research progress of A.gymnandrum,we summarized the literature from 1980 to 2022,which will give an overview of research on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of A.gymnandrum.