乐以成德——中国古典之乐的伦理价值

Yue Yi Cheng De-The Ethical Value of Chinese Classical“Yue”

礼乐文化蕴涵着中华文明的奥秘与精髓,其中,乐作为天道之和的象征,不仅代表自然世界的和谐,更是人类社会有序的象征与人伦关系和谐的体现,具有独特的伦理价值。中国古典之乐从起源上看,是作为主体的人对天地万物的感通,是古人把握自身与外部世界的关系的一种重要方式,而伦理必须发生在一定的主客关系之中,在此意义上看,乐强调了伦理中人的主体价值。伦理是调节人伦关系的规范,脱离作为个体的人就不复存在,因此其和谐依赖于个体生命状态的和谐,也就是说,古代社会人伦之和谐有序建立在个体的道德完满之上。《礼记·乐记》云“德音之谓乐”,古典之乐内涵德性,以追求君子人格为目标,又因其与人之心灵的特殊关联,即本源于人心又反过来感动人心的双重特性,而呈现情理交融的特性,因此,乐基于人性之善为伦理问题提供了善恶标准。要实现伦理之善,需要通过教化激发个体之善,即涵养道德、完善人格,而乐与传统道德在目标、过程和演化机制上具有同构性,因此,乐作为个体修身成德的重要途径,具有独一无二的教化价值。

The culture of“Li”and“Yue”contains the mystery and essence of Chinese civilization,among which“Yue”,as a symbol of the harmony of the heavenly way,not only represents the harmony of the natural world,but also is a symbol of the orderly human society and the embodiment of the harmony of human relationships,and has a unique ethical value.“Yue”,from its origin,is the sense of the human being as a subject to all things in heaven and earth,and is an important way for the ancient people to grasp the relationship between themselves and the external world,while ethics must occur in a certain subject-object relationship,and in this sense,“Yue”emphasizes the value of the human subject in ethics.Ethics is the norm that regulates the relationship among human beings,and it does not exist without the individual human being,so its harmony depends on the harmony of the individual's life state,that is,the harmony of human relationships in ancient society was built on the moral perfection of the individual.“Yue”connotes De and aims at pursuing the character of a gentleman,but also presents the characteristics of intermingling emotion and reason due to its special connection with the human heart,which is the dual characteristics of originating from the human heart and moving it in turn.In order to realize ethical goodness,it is necessary to stimulate individual goodness through edification,which means to cultivate morality and perfect personality.“Yue”and traditional morality are homogeneous in terms of goals,processes and evolutionary mechanisms,therefore,as an important way for individuals to cultivate morality,“Yue”has unique edification value.