唐太宗、玄宗畋狩诗之军礼衍义与诗教互摄

The Interaction of Military Ceremony and Education by Poetry in Taizong and Xuanzong's Tianshou Poems

狩猎是先民基本的生活方式,发展为帝王的特权之后,纳入军礼的畋狩与练武密切结合,《大唐开元礼》明确划分成皇帝讲武礼与皇帝畋狩礼。随着“礼”的建设、“仪”的实施,“诗”也相伴产生了“校猎”“冬狩”一类,唐太宗、玄宗的创作可谓典型个例。具有位居尊极决策者与躬身践行者双重身份的创作主体,军礼衍义与诗教主张相互感发,代入式的现场效应,推动了“诗”与“礼”的同步发展。畋狩礼执行中的“度”,又引发了谏猎诗的创作,“主文而谲谏”风气的形成,助力了贞观之治、开元全盛日“文教资武功”政治氛围的营造,从一个侧面展示了诗歌走向黄金时代的灿烂图景。

Hunting was the basic lifestyle of the ancestors,and after it was developed into the privilege of the emperor,hunting which also known as Tianshou,has been included in the military ceremony and closely combined with martial arts practice.The Kaiyuan Rites of the Tang Dynasty clearly defined the emperor's martial arts ceremony and the emperor's Tianshou ceremony.With the formation of“Li(rite)”and the implementation of“Yi(ceremony)”,“Shi(poetry)”has also been accompanied by“siege hunting”and“winter hunting”.The creation of Taizong and Xuanzong can be described as typical cases.As a creative subject with the dual identity of a policymaker and a practitioner,the military ceremony and the education by poetry are mutually felt,and promote the synchronous development of“Shi”and“Li”.The implementation of the Tian Shou ceremony also triggered the creation of the remonstrating poems,and the formation of the“sarcasm with metaphor”composing style helped to create the political atmosphere of the“culture,education,and martial arts”in the Zhenguan and Kaiyuan periods and displayed the brilliant picture of poetry moving towards the golden age.