正统·史实·道统:唐代禅让观念的演变

Political Legitimacy,Historical Facts and Confucian Orthodoxy:The Evolution of Conception of Abdication in the Tang Dynasty

唐代禅让观念包含着正统、史实和道统等多方面思想内涵。从正统角度来看,隋唐之间的禅让关系是唐初统治者树立和宣扬本朝正统性的重要依据,但随着唐代正统观念的演变,禅让政治模式的正统价值日渐衰微。从史实和道统的角度看,禅让观念在唐前期与中晚唐时期呈现出不同的特点。在唐代前期,人们从史实出发,对魏晋禅让乃至尧舜禅让提出了批评与质疑。而中唐以后,随着儒学思想复兴和道统论的构建,尧舜禅让的道德崇高性得以重塑;同时,人们对于从禅让到世袭的转变,以及不同历史阶段禅让之事的合理性作了系统的阐释。

The conception of abdication in the Tang Dynasty contains many connotations such as political legitimacy,historical facts and Confucian orthodoxy.From the perspective of political legitimacy,the abdicationevent between the Sui and the Tang Dynasties was an important basis for the early Tang monarchs to promote the legitimacy of the dynasty.However,with the change of legitimacy theory,the abdication's political legitimacywas declining.In terms of people's actual cognition and moral evaluation of the abdication events in history,the conception of abdicationin The Tang Dynasty was more complicated.In the early Tang Dynasty,Li Yuan,and Liu Zhiji criticized and questionedthe abdication eventsin the Wei and Jin Dynasties and even in the Yao and Shun Period.After the Middle Tang Dynasty,under the influence of the Confucianism,the moral sublimity of Yao and Shun's abdication was reshaped.At the same time,scholars systematically discussed the transition from abdication system to patrimonial system,and the similarities and differencesof abdication events between Yao and Shun' s Period and the Wei and Jin Dynasties.