黄河泥沙工程控制理论与实践

Theories and practices of sediment engineering control in the Yellow River

泥沙控制是黄河保护治理的关键。采用系统控制理论的基本思想,建立水沙关系协调度作为泥沙控制系统目标,提出了黄河泥沙系统治理的四级调控模式。一级控制通过黄土高原水土流失综合治理“拦沙”和控制沟道侵蚀基准面减蚀,实现从源头减少入黄泥沙;二级控制通过修建干支流水库拦沙和调水调沙等技术实现对水沙关系的有效调控;三级控制通过宽滩河道生态治理,保障宽滩区充分发挥削峰滞洪沉沙的调节功能;四级控制通过河口综合治理稳定和控制尾闾泥沙侵蚀基准面减少溯源淤积。基于从黄河中游泥沙发源地到河口地区的四级系统工程调控,维持黄河下游百年尺度稳定行河和大河安澜。

Sediment control is the key to protect and control the Yellow River.A four-level systematical regulation model for sediment management of the Yellow River is proposed on the basis of the systematic control theory.The coordination degree of water-sediment relationship as the evaluation indicator of engineering sediment control systems.Level-I regulation refers to reduce the loess sediment from the source through comprehensive treatment of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau and control erosion datum level of gully erosion.Level-II Regulation refers to realize the effective regulation of water sediment relationship through the construction of main and branch water reservoirs and the regulation of water and sediment.Level-III Regulation mainly refers to ensure that the wide beach channel can give full play to the regulation function of peak shaving,flood detention and sediment deposition by the ecological management of the wide beach channel.Level-IV Regulation refers to stabilize and control the sediment erosion base level at the tail end and reduce the headwater siltation by the comprehensive management of the estuary.Based on the four-level systematic governance from the sediment source area in the middle reach to the estuary,it is predicted that the lower reaches will be kept steady for over 100 years.