从“障碍”到“融合”:残疾人辅助性就业服务系统研究

Barrier and Inclusion:Research on the Auxiliary Employment Services for Persons with Disabilities from the Perspective of System Theory

辅助性就业是针对精神、智力和重度肢体三类就业特困残疾人就业形式,其在理念内涵和外延上仍旧模糊,在与庇护性就业的用法和区别上存在争议。辅助性就业应是区别于庇护性就业、具有中国本土化的特色概念。基于系统论的整体性、层次性、动态性及开放性特征,辅助性就业服务作为开放系统,存在着多元主体交流障碍导致整体行动困难、主体职能定位障碍导致结构层次紊乱、理念转变障碍导致功能动态调整滞后、内外交换障碍导致开放系统优化困境的功能障碍。应从多元协同治理、优化服务内容、转变发展理念、畅通内外环境四个方面优化辅助性就业服务供给,促使主体整体互融、功能与时相融,实现残疾人融合发展。

Auxiliary employment is a form of employment to be aimed at persons with mental,intellectual and severe physical disabilities,which is vague in the connotation and extension.It is still controversial on the usage and difference between it and sheltered employment.Auxiliary employment should be a completely different concept from sheltered employment with Chinese localization characteristics.From the characteristics of system theory in wholeness,hierarchy,dynamics and openness,as an open system,the auxiliary employment service has many developmental obstacles,such as overall action difficulty caused by multi-agent communication obstacle,structure level disorder brought by subject's function orientation obstacle,function dynamic adjustment lag made concept transformation obstacle,internal and system opening optimization dilemma caused by external exchange obstacle.We should optimize the auxiliary employment services from four aspects:multiple coordinated governance,optimization of service content,transformation of development concept and unblocking internal and external environment,so as to promote the integration of subjects and the functions adjusting with the times,thus achieving the integration of the development of persons with disabilities.