基于复合二元性的数据规制:底层逻辑、顶层设计与制度构造

The Data Regulation Based on the Compound Duality:Underlying Logic,Top-level Design and Systematic Construction

数据规制内嵌数据监管与数据治理的双重逻辑。当前,我国数据要素呈现出“信息-技术”二元性以及“价值-风险”二元性等多重特质,从多个维度作用于数据规制的发展方向和推进条件,对数据监管与治理二元并进产生重要影响,并构成数据规制的底层逻辑。在数据要素化时代,数据监管和数据治理面临系列新问题及新挑战,前者表现为监管理念有待统一、监管制度亟需转型以及监管能力需要提升,后者则表现为要求高标准的市场体系、呼唤竞争政策的基础地位、强调多元主体的共同参与。事实证明,将数据监管与数据治理相分割并不适用于我国数据规制的改革实践。基于数据要素复合二元性的数据监管与数据治理的协同,能够在保护数据安全与可信赖的前提下,最大限度提升数据利用价值,缓和数据技术与数据制度之间的内在张力,大大改善数据规制背景下的数据利用生态。今后必须确立信息技术与法制规范相结合的协同理念,政府作用与市场效能相配合的协同机制,数据要素类型化、计量化与全程化相统筹的协同方法,以打开我国数据规制的新局面。

The data supervision and the data governance have been embedded into the categories of data regulation. Its central connotations are the modernization of the supervision system and governance system of the data. At present, the data elements in China present multiple features, such as the duality of “information-technology”, the duality of “value-risk”, and so on. These features impact the developing direction and the propulsion condition of data modernization form multiple dimensions and make significant effects on the binary simultaneous advance of the supervision and governance of the date. Besides, they have constituted the underlying logic of data modernization. In the era of data elementization,the supervision and governance of the data is facing a series of new issues and new challenges. The former is reflected in the requirements for unifying the supervision ideas, transforming the supervision systems and improving the supervision capability. The latter mainly presents as the market systems requiring for high standards, the basic position calling for competitive policies, and the common participation emphasizing plural subjects. The fact proves that the traditional model of data governance splitting data supervision and data governance is not adaptable for the Chinese reforming practice of data modernization.Based on the synergy of the data supervision and data governance of the compound duality of data elements, in the premise of protecting the security and reliability of the data, the utilizing value of data can be increased to the maximum, the internal tension between the data technologies and the data systems can be relieved, and the utilization ecology of data can be greatly improved under the background of data modernization. Therefore, the synergic idea of integrating the information technologies with legal norms,the synergic mechanism of coordinating the government’s role with market efficiency, and the synergic method of integrating the typification, metrology and whole-course of data elements should be ensured from now on. Only by this can a new situation be opened for Chinese data regulation.