中国县城市政设施水平区域差异与收敛性分析

Regional disparity and convergence analysis of county towns'municipal infrastructure levels in China

利用2016—2020年中国县城建设统计年鉴数据,运用累积分布曲线和Dagum基尼系数测度县城市政设施水平的分布动态与区域差异,估计空间相关性与集聚特征,利用变异系数与空间收敛模型检验其σ收敛和β收敛。结果表明:2016—2020年,全国县城市政设施水平提升明显,且呈“东中西”梯次下降格局。县城市政设施水平差异总体较小,区域内差异贡献超过区域间差异且呈上升趋势,超变密度是总体差异的主要来源。全国层面上,各类设施及东中西部综合得分均存在σ收敛、绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,中部地区收敛速度最快,西部地区收敛速度最慢,空间因素对收敛有明显加速作用。据此,提出加大低水平县城建设投入力度、完善差异化区域协调政策、发挥空间溢出效应、分区分类精准施策、优化县城市政设施建设投资体制等建议。

Based on panel data of municipal infrastructure in county towns from 2016 to 2020,this study employs the cumulative distribution curve and Dagum Gini coefficient to assess the distribution dynamics and regional disparities of municipal infrastructure.The study also evaluates the spatial correlation and clustering patterns,and uses the coefficient of variation to analyze theirσconvergence.Additionally,the study establishes a dynamic spatial panel data model to test forβconvergence.The results indicate that from 2016 to 2020,the level of municipal infrastructure in county towns has significantly improved.The level of infrastructure exhibits a declining pattern,with higher levels in the eastern region and lower levels in the western region.The disparity of municipal infrastructure is generally small,with intra-regional disparity contributing more to the overall disparity and increasing over time.Hypervariable density is the primary source of overall disparity.The study also finds evidence ofσconvergence,absoluteβconvergence,and conditionalβconvergence in all types of municipal infrastructure at the national level and the comprehensive scores across the eastern,central,and western regions.The convergence rate is fastest in the central region and slowest in the western region,and spatial factors have a positive impact on convergence.Based on these findings,the study recommends increased investment in low-level municipal infrastructure in county towns,improved regional coordination policies,exerted spatial spillover effects,made precise policies for different regions and types of infrastructure,optimized the investment system.