欧陆文论的美国化——百年欧美文学研究范式转换

Americanization of Continental European Theory:Paradigm Shift in Hundred-Year Euro-American Literary Studies

外国文学、世界文学、比较文学的知识、概念、学科话语体系从20世纪初到中期形成于西欧,成型于英美,并在同时段播散到包括中国在内的世界各国。从大历史、思想史、学术史角度,追溯这个知识的谱系与脉络,由此理解这些学科的范式形塑、核心关注、当代动向。欧陆(尤其是法国)思想界从20世纪60年代以来的文明反思,逐渐通过英语国家(主要是美国)的中介传播全球。欧陆文论在美国经过了文本化/学科化、意识形态化/政治化的多重转换变异,也产生了全球影响。“欧陆文论的美国化”不仅是这段以“后学”为标志的文明反思的具体个案,而且是理解有关学科话语体系和范式转型的关键。

The knowledge and disciplinary formation of foreign literature,world literature and comparative literature started in Western Europe in the beginning of the 20~(th)century,institutionalized in Anglo-American academia around the mid-20~(th)and widely dispersed across the world,including China.This essay traces the genealogy of these disciplines from the perspectives of broad socio-political history,intellectual history,and academic history,focusing on the dispersion,transformation and Americanization of continental European theory(particularly French)of the 1960s onwards.The essay examines the U.S.academic professionalization and institutionalization,as well as politicization,or further radicalization,of the Continental European theory and their global implications.