用典与骈文的文本形态

Allusion and the Textual Form of Parallel Prose

骈文文本的建构,很大程度上取决于用典。骈文用典通过对前文本的剪裁、拼贴,不仅参与新文本的营构,而且还进行意义的生产,从而使骈文文本呈现出互文性样态。在某种意义上,骈文文本是被改写过的不同的前文本片段的聚合,是前文本片段、骈文创构者、读者交互对话而产生新的文学空间。由于用典对前文本片段进行了解构与重构,这使骈文文本中典面与典义在意义上存在不同程度的差异,从而衍生了文本张力。而这种文本张力,也会因文本中用典文句与不用典文句思维形式的差异而呈现出来。因此,对偶、声律、藻饰这三大修辞手段不过构建了骈文文本外在的形式特征,而用典则营构了骈文文本内在的形式特征及其文本形态。

The construction of parallel prose largely depends on allusion. By virtue of a collage of previous texts, allusion in parallel prose not only engages in constructing new texts but also yields meaning, which enables parallel prose to demonstrate a modality of intertextuality. In a certain sense, the parallel prose is an aggregation of fragments of the revised previous texts, forming a new literary space as a result of the dialogues between the previous texts, the creator of parallel prose, and the reader. As allusion deconstructs and reconstructs the fragments of previous texts, there is a discrepancy between the appearance of allusion and its meaning, thus creating a tension in the text. The textual tension also manifests through the difference in the mode of thinking between expressions using allusion and those not using allusion. Therefore, antithesis, prosody and embellishments in writing merely form the external characteristics of parallel prose, while allusion indeed defines the inherent characteristics of parallel prose as well as its textual pattern.