煤沥青制备碳纤维技术研究及性能评价

Study on Preparation of Carbon Fiber from Coal Tar Pitch and Its Performance Evaluation

以煤焦油沥青为主要原料,精制石油沥青为添加剂,采用预处理、热聚合、熔融纺丝、氧化和碳化处理步骤制备出碳纤维,对热聚合工艺、氧化和碳化工艺参数进行了优化,并对制备的碳纤维性能进行了评价。试验结果表明:在热聚合温度350℃、热聚合时间5 h,氧化温度280℃、氧化时间3 h,碳化温度1 300℃、碳化时间3 h的工艺条件下,制备的沥青基碳纤维密度为1.72 g/cm^(3),平均直径为16.7μm,单丝拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别为1 052 MPa和106 GPa,复丝拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别为1 365 MPa和128 GPa,具有良好的力学性能。

Using coal tar pitch as the main raw material and refined petroleum pitch as the additive,carbon fibers were prepared by pretreatment,thermal polymerization,melt spinning,oxidation and carbonization.The parameters of thermal polymerization process,oxidation and carbonization process were optimized,and the performance of the prepared carbon fibers was evaluated.The experimental results show that under the conditions of polymerization temperature 350℃,polymerization time 5 h,oxidation temperature 280℃,oxi⁃dation time 3 h,carbonization temperature 1300℃,carbonization time 3 h,the density of pitch-based car⁃bon fiber is 1.72 g/cm^(3),and the average diameter is 16.7μm.The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the monofilament are 1052 MPa and 106 GPa,respectively,and the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the multifilament are 1365 MPa and 128 GPa,respectively,showing good mechanical properties.