心理素质与高中新生入学转变期焦虑变化轨迹的关系——基于潜变量增长模型的分析

The Relationship between Psychological Suzhi and the Trajectory of Anxiety in Senior High School Freshmen during the Transition Period——Based on the Latent Growth Model

本研究采用整群抽样的方式选取了成都市某中学的306名高中新生,对其进行了历时一个学期共四次的问卷追踪测试。采用潜变量增长模型,探究了入学转变期内高中新生焦虑情绪的动态变化轨迹及其影响因素。结果显示:在入学的第一个学期内(1)高中新生焦虑情绪呈线性增长;(2)虽然在入学第一周时测得的焦虑初始水平上不存在显著的性别差异,但男生的焦虑情绪在随后四个月内的增长速度显著快于女生;(3)此外,新生的心理素质对其焦虑情绪的初始水平及增长速度具有显著的预测作用,也就是说,具有较高心理素质水平的新生,会表现出较低的焦虑情绪初始水平以及较慢的增长速度。

It is easy for students who are new to a school to have maladaptive problems and induced anxiety due to the change of environment.This is especially true for high school freshmen,because they not only have to adapt to a new school environment but also have to experience dramatic biological and psychological changes in the developmental phase of puberty.That is to say,they have to bear the dual pressure of change in their external environment and turbulence in their internal world at the same time.Moreover,teenagers are in a period of high anxiety,which is not conducive to their physical and mental health development.Previous studies on anxiety in high school freshmen were all cross-sectional investigations and did not investigate the trajectory and characteristics of anxiety.Therefore,this study used a short-term longitudinal research design across four waves to explore the trajectory of anxiety in high school freshmen as well as the mechanism of psychological suzhi.In this study,326 registered freshmen from a high school in Chengdu were selected as the research participants using cluster sampling.The first baseline test was completed in the first week after entering school as freshmen.The questionnaires were the Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire for Adolescents and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.A total of 306 valid questionnaires were collected(the effective response rate was 93.9%),and included 165 male students(53.9%)and 141 female students(46.1%),with an average age of 15.5 years(SD=0.47).The second test was conducted four weeks later,and the third test four weeks after the second.The fourth test was postponed to eight weeks after the third test due to a conflict in the course arrangement schedule.The second,third,and fourth tests were conducted with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.The sample sizes were 22,75,and 67,respectively,due to attrition for various reasons,such as absence or change of school.The latent growth model was used to explore the trajectories and influencing factors of anxiety in high school freshmen during the transition period.The results showed that:(1)Anxiety in high school freshmen increased linearly in the first semester;(2)There were no significant gender differences in the initial levels of anxiety,however,male students’anxiety increased significantly faster than female students’anxiety in the following four months;and(3)The psychological suzhi of freshmen had a significant predictive effect on the intercept and slope of anxiety,that is to say,freshmen with higher levels of psychological suzhi had relatively low initial levels of anxiety after entrance,and their anxiety had a slower growth rate during the following three months.The above results demonstrated that anxiety in high school freshmen increased linearly,and psychological suzhi had predictive effects on freshmen’s anxiety in this process.Analyzing the test results,this study examined the trajectory and characteristics of anxiety in high school freshmen,and the role of gender and psychological suzhi in its trajectory.The results confirmed that psychological suzhi can effectively prevent and reduce the deterioration of their emotional state.The study deepens the understanding of the mechanism of psychological suzhi in adolescents’mental health education and provides a targeted empirical basis for the prevention and education of anxiety in the adaptation period for high school freshmen.