双碳背景下绿色氨能的应用场景及展望

Development Prospects and Application Scenarios of Green Ammonia Energy Industry Under the Background of Carbon Peak and Neutrality

[目的]氨作为零碳燃料容易实现安全、低成本运输,被认为是与氢能具备相同发展潜力的理想能源。了解氨能源产业链各环节核心技术的发展现状,有助于把握氨能源产业发展前景和方向。[方法]通过调研氨能源产业链中制备、储运、利用等各关键环节涉及的核心技术与应用场景,分析产业发展面临的问题,提出相应的发展建议。[结果]传统的哈伯法合成氨技术已非常成熟,通过绿氢原料替代或者采用光催化、电催化、生物酶催化、等离子驱动等新型技术合成氨可实现氨生产的绿色转型。绿氨的储运可以依托传统的合成氨储运基础设施以及供应链,并加强氨燃料加注站等配套设施的建设。氨燃烧、氨燃料电池、氨储能等氨能利用技术需要持续研发攻关,探索开展应用示范。[结论]发展氨能源产业技术符合我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效绿色能源体系的要求,对保障我国能源安全也有积极意义。但是氨能源产业化推广仍然面临诸多挑战,需要合理规划布局,从政策、金融、创新平台、标准体系建设等多方面予以保障。

[Introduction]As a zero-carbon fuel,ammonia is easy to achieve safe and low-cost transportation and thus is considered to be an ideal energy source with the same development potential as hydrogen energy.Understanding the development status of core technologies in each link of the ammonia energy industry chain will help grasp the development prospects and direction of the ammonia energy industry.[Method]By investigating the core technologies and application scenarios involved in key links(including preparation,storage,transportation,and utilization)of the ammonia energy industry chain and analyzing the problems faced by the industry development,this study put forward corresponding development suggestions.[Result]Although the traditional Haber process for ammonia synthesis is very mature,the green transition of ammonia production can be achieved via green hydrogen feedstock substitution or adoption of new ammonia synthesis technologies such as photocatalysis,electrocatalysis,bioenzyme catalysis,and plasma drive.The storage and transportation of green ammonia can rely on the traditional synthetic ammonia infrastructure as well as supply chain,and the construction of supporting facilities such as ammonia fuel filling stations should be also strengthened.Ammonia combustion,ammonia fuel cells,ammonia energy storage and other ammonia energy utilization technologies need to be continously researched and developed as well as explored for application demonstration.[Conclusion]The development of green ammonia energy industry is in line with the requirements of building a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient green energy system in China,and it has a positive impact on our country's energy security.However,the industrialization promotion of ammonia energy still faces many challenges and requires reasonable planning as well as layout and support from policy,finance,innovation platforms and standard system.